3885Rolled Erosion Prevention Products

3885.1SCOPE

Provide erosion prevention blankets, turf reinforcement mats, and other products to prevent erosion, stabilize soils, reinforce vegetation, and aid in the establishment of vegetation, where applicable. Ensure that net openings are small enough to retain uniformly distributed fill Material but large enough to allow seedling emergence and reduce animal entanglement.

3885.2REQUIREMENTS

A Temporary Erosion Prevention Blanket Use only natural fibers in the manufacture of netting and fill Material for temporary products. Provide blankets that conform to the general requirements listed in Table 3885.2-1, Table 3885.2-2, and Table 3885.2-3. Table 3885.2-1 Temporary, Straw-based Products Criteria Category 10 Category 20 Category 30 Net Number (upper/lower) 1 2 2 Fiber Fill Material 100 percent Straw 100 percent Straw 70 percent Straw, 30 percent Coconut/hemp Mass, minimum*ǂ (pound per square yard) 0.43 0.43 0.42 Reported Fiber Length, 80 percent greater than (inch) 3 3 3 Reported Functional Longevity, 75 percent remaining (month) 3 4.5 9 Reported Target Service Life

Permissible shear, unvegetated# (pound per square foot) 1.50 1.75 2.00 Flow, probable maximum# (feet per second) 4.5 6 8 Machine Direction (MD) Tensile Strength, minimum§ (pounds per foot) 70 160 160 TD Tensile Strength, minimum§ (pounds per foot) 50 110 150 Permissible Anchor Type Wood or biodegradable ǁ plant based plastic barbed, glue, U or round head metal, 11-13 gage U or round head metal, 11-13 gage, Washer/60D (6 inch) Nail† Helical twist pin, Washer/60D (6 inch) Nail† Minimum anchor embedment length 4 inches 6 inches 8 inches *Dry mass at time of manufacture following ASTM protocols. ǁ Biodegradable means the product will decompose under ambient soil conditions into carbon dioxide, water, and other naturally occurring Materials within one year of installation. †Winter Utilization. ǂ ASTM D6475, Mass per Unit Area of Erosion Control Blankets. # ASTM D6460, Performance in Protecting Earthen Channels from Stormwater-Induced Erosion. § ASTM D6818, Ultimate Tensile Properties of Rolled Erosion Control Products.

Table 3885.2-2 Temporary, Wood Fiber-based Products Criteria Category 15 Category 25 Category 35 Category 45 Net Number (upper/lower) Netless 2 2 2 Fiber Fill Material 100 percent Cellulose, Agricultural products, hemp, wood 100 percent Wood* Fiber 100 percent Wood* Fiber 100 percent Wood* Fiber Mass, minimum ǁ# (pound per square yard) 0.40 0.57 0.76 1.25 Reported Fiber Length, 80 percent greater than (inch) Varies, 0.5 to 6 6 6 6 Reported Functional Longevity, 75 percent remaining (month) 1.5 6 12 24 Reported Target Service Life

Permissible shear, unvegetated§ (pound per square foot) 1.00 2.10 2.50 3.25 Flow, probable maximum§ (feet per second) 2 7 8 11 MD Tensile Strength, minimum** (pounds per foot) 4 160 160 160 TD Tensile Strength, minimum** (pounds per foot) 4 110 110 110 Permissible Anchor Type Wood or biodegradable† plant based plastic barbed, glue U or round head metal 11-13 gage U or round head metal, 11-13 gage, Washer/60D (6 inch) Nail‡ Helical twist pin, Washer/60D (6 inch) Nail‡ Helical twist pin, Washer/60D (6 inch) Nail‡ Minimum anchor embedment length 4 inches 6 inches 8 inches 10 inches * Derived from hardwood (Aspen spp.) or softwoods (pine). ǁ Dry mass at the time of manufacture following ASTM protocols. † Biodegradable means the product will decompose under ambient soil conditions into carbon dioxide, water, and other naturally occurring materials within one year of installation. ‡ Winter Utilization. # ASTM D6475, Mass per Unit Area of Erosion Control Blankets. § ASTM D6460, Performance in Protecting Earthen Channels from Stormwater -Induced Erosion. ** ASTM D6818, Ultimate Tensile Properties of Rolled Erosion Control Products .

Table 3885.2-3 Temporary, Extended Duration Open Weave Textile Based Products* Criteria Category 37 Category 47 Category 57 Textile Fiber Material 100 percent Coir or Hemp Fiber 100 percent Coir or Hemp Fiber 100 percent Coir or Hemp Fiber Massǁ, minimum† (pounds per square yard) 0.75 1.2 1.7 Water Absorbency, percent, minimumǂ 160 165 130 Light Penetration, percent, minimum# 38 35 18 Calculated Open Area, percent, minimum 60 40 35 Reported Functional Longevity, 75 percent remaining (month) 36 36 48 Reported Target Service Life (month) 60 72 72 Permissible shear, unvegetated§ (feet per second) 3 4.5 5 Flow, probable maximum, unvegetated§ (feet per second) 8 11 16 Tensile Strength, Dry, minimum, MDxTD** (pounds per foot) 500x480 1200x900 1600x1100 Tensile Strength, Wet minimum, MDxTD** (pounds per foot) 450x360 920x680 1200x930 Elongation at Failure, percent maximum, MDxTD** 36x32 45x40 50x40 * Anchoring to be done according to manufacturer’s recommendations. ǁ Dry mass at time of manufacture following ASTM protocols. † ASTM D5261, Mass per Unit Area of Geotextiles. ǂ ASTM D1117, Evaluating Nonwoven Fabrics. # ASTM D6567, Light Penetration of a Rolled Erosion Control Product. § ASTM D6460, Performance in Protecting Earthen Channels from Stormwater-Induced Erosion. ** ASTM D6818, Ultimate Tensile Properties of Rolled Erosion Control Products. B Permanent Products Provide turf reinforcement mats and other permanent products that conform to the general requirements listed in Table 3885.2-4, Table 3885.2-5, and Table 3885.2-6.

Table 3885.2-4 Permanent, Synthetic Based, Surface Applied Products Criteria Category 50 Category 55 Category 60 Net Number (upper/lower) Stitched 2 or 3 Layer, synthetic Stitched 2 or 3 Layer, synthetic Stitched or bonded 2 or 3 Layer synthetic Fiber Fill Material Bio-composite of natural agricultural products, HECP – RFM, coconut, hemp, and synthetic elements Wood Fiberǁ Synthetic elements Mass, minimum*† (pound per square yard) 0.64 0.75 0.5 Fiber Length, 80 percent greater than (inch) 3 6 DNA Functional Longevity, 75 percent remaining (month) 12 biological > 36 synthetic 24 biological > 36 synthetic >36 Target Service Life

Permissible shear, unvegetatedǂ (pound per square foot) 3.00 3.25 2.50 Flow, probable maximumǂ (feet per second) 10 11 6 MD Tensile Strength, minimum# (pounds per foot) 370 800 290 TD Tensile Strength, minimum# (pounds per foot) 180 800 190 Permissible Anchor Type Helical twist, Hooked No. 3 rebar, or cable Helical twist, Hooked No. 3 rebar, or cable Helical twist, Hooked No. 3 rebar, or cable Minimum anchor embedment length 12 inches 12 inches 12 inches *Dry mass (as appropriate) at time of manufacture following ASTM protocols. ǁ Derived from Hardwoods (Aspen spp.) or softwoods (pine). † ASTM D6475, Mass per Unit Area of Erosion Control Blankets. ǂ ASTM D6460, Performance in Protecting Earthen Channels from Stormwater-Induced Erosion. # ASTM D6818, Ultimate Tensile Properties of Rolled Erosion Control Products.

Table 3885.2-5 Permanent, Synthetic Based, Soil, or Organic Fiber Media Filled Products Criteria Category 70 Category 72 Category 74 Category 76 Net Number* (upper/lower) TRM TRM TRM TRM Fill Materialǁ 3877.2C, “Sandy Clay Loam Topsoil Borrow,” 3890.2B, “Grade 2 Compost,” 3884.2B.1, “Organic Fiber Matrix (OFM)” Mass, minimum† (pound per square yard) 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.20 80 percent test chamber strength retainedǂ (hours) 500 1000 3000 3000 Target Service Lifeǂ Permanent Permanent Permanent Permanent Shear, unvegetated, minimum # (pound per square foot) 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.75 Shear, vegetated, minimum # (pound per square foot) 6 8 10 12 MD Tensile Strength, minimum§ (pounds per foot) 150 240 1400 3000 TD Tensile Strength, minimum§ (pounds per foot) 130 200 1100 3000 Permissible Anchor Type Helical twist metal hooks, Hooked No. 4 rebar, tension cable Helical twist metal hooks, Hooked No. 4 rebar, tension cable Tension cable per manufacturer specification Tension cable per manufacturer specification Minimum anchor embedment length## 18 inches 18 inches 18 inches 18 inches *Provide mats with cells at least 3/8 – 3/4 inch in depth to allow soil filling and retention, composed of nylon, polypropylene, polyolefin, polyester, or rust inhibited metal. ǁ See 2575 “Establishing Vegetation and Controlling Erosion” for approximate fill quantities to achieve a 0.5 – 1 inch layer filling all voids within product surface. † ASTM D6566, Mass Per Unit Area of Turf Reinforcement Mats ‡ ASTM D4355, Deterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a Xenon Arc -Type Apparatus # ASTM D6460, Performance in Protecting Earthen Channels from Stormwater-Induced Erosion. Provide either vegetated or un-vegetated test results showing product meets the minimum criteria for that test. Some data may be extrapolated to show the upper value for vegetation establishment. ## Minimum anchor embedment length may be reduced for anchors that are an alternative to straight pins or to account for site specific soil conditions. § ASTM D6818, Ultimate Tensile Properties of Rolled Erosion Control Products TRM products must have an average opening size sufficient for allowing introduction of soil or organic growth medium fill and to allow plant roots and shoots to grow through. Product texture must be rough enough to prevent soil from sliding off.

Table 3885.2-6 Permanent, Ultra High Performance Products Criteria Category 80 Category 90 Net Number (upper/lower) Multilayered, Bonded Geogrid* Bonded synthetic Layer Fiber Fill Material Concrete ǁ units (D6684†), with bottom attached‡

Category 60, or

Materials,” Geotextile Type 5 Concrete Polymer# 90A 0.20 inch 90B 0.30 inch 90C 0.50 inch Topsoil infilling, 3877.2C, “Sandy Clay Loam Topsoil Borrow” Yes No Mass, minimum§ (pound per square yard) 0.64 0.5 Fiber Length, 80 percent greater than

Functional Longevity, 75 percent remaining** (month) >36 >36 Target Service Life**

Permissible shear, unvegetatedǁǁ (pound per square foot) 24 25 Flow, probable maximum†† (feet per second) 30 35 MD Tensile Strength, minimum (pounds per foot) ## 2055 1200 TD Tensile Strength, minimum (pounds per foot) ## 2055 440 Permissible Anchor Type Bent No. 4 rebar, tension cable Per Manufacturer Minimum anchor embedment length 24 inches Per Manufacturer * Geogrid, see Table 3885.2-7. ǁ Concrete, see 3885.2B.2, “Concrete.” † ASTM D6684, Standard Specification for Materials and Manufacture of Articulati ng Concrete Block (ACB) Systems. ‡Functional equivalent for shear, flow, and functional longevity. # Concrete Fabric Mat, see 3885.2B.3, “Concrete Fiber Mat.” § ASTM D6475, Mass per Unit Area of Erosion Control Blankets. ** ASTM D4355, Deterioration of Geotextiles by Exposure to Light, Moisture and Heat in a Xenon Arc -Type Apparatus. ǁǁ ASTM D6459/6460, Determination of Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP) Performance in Protecting Hillslopes from Rainfall-Induced Erosion/Performance in Protecting Earthen Channels from Stormwater-Induced Erosion. †† ASTM D6460, Performance in Protecting Earthen Channels from Stormwater-Induced Erosion. ## ASTM D6637, Tensile Properties of Geogrids.

B.1 Bonded Geogrid Provide bonded geogrid with the physical characteristics shown in Table 3885.2-7.

Table 3885.2-7 Geogrid Characteristics Criteria Requirement Mass/Unit Area (minimum)* 0.43 pounds per square yard Measured Aperture Size (minimum) 1.6 by 1.6 inch Wide Width Tensile Strength Elongation at Breakǁ (maximum) 6 percent Tensile Strength at 2 percent Machine Direction (MD)ǁ (minimum) 822 pounds per foot * ASTM D5261, Mass per Unit Area of Geotextiles ǁ ASTM D6637, Tensile Properties of Geogrids

B.2 Concrete Provide wet cast blocks meeting 2461, “Structural Concrete,” and the following:

ASTM C140, Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units

accordance with ASTM C140 The Contractor shall inspect the flexible concrete mats upon delivery. Flexible concrete mats missing more than 4 concrete blocks per 80 square feet section shall be rejected. B.3 Concrete Fiber Mat Provide concrete fabric mat (CFM) that is a cement impregnated fabric that hardens when hydrated to form a water resistant mat. It can be installed underwater and has a working time of several hours after hydration. It shall meet the following requirements of Table 3885.2-8 and Table 3885.2-9. Table 3885.2-8 Physical Characteristics Type Thickness (inch) Dry Weight (pound per square foot) Hydration, minimum water volume (gallons per square foot) A 0.20 1.43 0.2 B 0.30 2.42 0.3 C 0.50 3.78 0.5

Table 3885.2-9 Concrete Characteristics Criteria Requirement Freeze Thaw* 3400 pounds Working Strengthǁ Length = 60 pounds per square foot Width = 20 pounds per square foot Puncture Resistance† 350 pounds Manning’s N# 0.011 Taber Abrasion§ 7 times greater than 2500 pounds per square inch OPC Compressive Strength, 10 Calendar Day** (pound per square inch)

* ASTM C1185, Testing Non-Asbestos Fiber-Cement Flat Sheet, Roofing and Siding Shingles, and Clapboards ǁ ASTM D5035, Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics † ASTM D6241, Static Puncture Strength of Geotextiles # ASTM D6460, Performance in Protecting Earthen Channels from Stormwater-Induced Erosion § ASTM C1353, Abrasion Resistance of Dimension Stone Subjected to Foot Traffic Using a Rotary Platform Abraser ** ASTM C473-07, Physical Testing of Gypsum Panel Products

Provide rolls capable of handling from spreader beams or bars. Provide proper storage and handling methods capable of dry storage until placement. Provide means capable of cutting into Structure configurations and openings prior to hydration and again after placement as necessary for proper fit and transport of flowing water. B.3.a Overlap and Lap-Joint Bonding Agents Provide appropriate sealant capable of bonding to both the PVC backing and fiber surface of the concrete fabric mat. The sealant must work in both wet and dry conditions prior to hydration and remain functional during hydration. B.3.b Hydration Water Provide water to the concrete fabric capable of surface saturation when no longer applying water for 2 minutes. Provide sufficient water 1 hour later on fabrics thicker than 0.5 inches, ditch grades greater than 2 percent, slopes greater than 3:1, and temperatures greater than 80°F to complete the hydration process.

3885.3SAMPLING AND TESTING

All approved products must be current in the National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP), with a testing cycle of every 3 years. Approved products for this Specification are on file on the APL. Provide documentation of the following for all products: 1) A published C-Factor appropriate to each category following requirements of E rosion Control Technology Council (ECTC) Method 2 Rainfall, extrapolated to a 3 inch per hour rainfall or ASTM 6459, Standard Test Method for Determination of Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP) Performance in Protecting Hillslopes from Rainfall-Induced Erosion

Method for Determination of Erosion Control Product (ECP) Ability to Encourage Seed Germination and Plant Growth Under Bench-Scale Conditions

Target service life is the estimated time period that a product can be anticipated to prevent erosion, independent of vegetation, under environmental conditions occurring in Minnesota. These conditions include variations in temperature, moisture, light, soils, biological A ctivity, vegetation establishment, etc. Functional longevity is the proxy for measuring target service life (due to a lack of standard test methods). Seventy five percent of the product must remain in-place for the specified duration under normal environmental conditions. No field substitutions are permitted between categories unless following the requirements of 1401, “Intent of Contract.”