686CONSTRUCTION SURVEYING

686.1DESCRIPTION —This work is construction surveying for roadways, roadway appurtenances, and

structures. This work is to preserve vertical and horizontal controls and stationing throughout the construction phase up to and including final inspection and to provide the Department inspection force with surveying control points to ensure quality of construction activities. Construction surveying is classified into six types as follows:

vertical geometry established from surveys and 1 inch equal to 25 feet scale or 1 inch equal to 50 feet scale topographic mapping referenced to the National Spatial Reference System (NSRS)/ Pennsylvania State Plane Coordinate System.

related to, as-built plan horizontal and vertical geometry or horizontal and vertical geometry produced on the existing roadway with minimal realignment. The planimetric features and cross sections may have been developed from mapping or electronic surveying.

based on various alignment data such as:

• As-built plan horizontal geometry

• Horizontal geometry produced on the existing roadway.

• Random traverse baseline

• Flat chain alignment along the center of the existing roadway

• A combination of two or more items above

The vertical reference may be based on:

• Plan profile or finish grade only.

• Cross sections related to the existing roadway section.

• Produced base line grades.

• Templates based on the existing roadway cross sections.

existing roadway alignment with no horizontal or vertical geometry. The drawings or detail sketches are developed using flat chain stations or segments/offsets for location reference. Grade and elevations relate to the existing roadway, unless otherwise indicated.

arch, or special structure. The horizontal alignment is based on Third Order, Class I surveys, closure 1:10,000. Reference all work points shown on the structure stakeout plan.

bridge, arch, or culvert. Bridge rehabilitation may involve repair or replacement of part of the substructure or all or part of the superstructure. Rehabilitation of an arch or culvert may involve the re pair or extension or both of the existing structure.

686.2MATERIAL—

necessary components, communication devices, integrated antennae and receiver, controller or data collector or both, cables, software, operating manuals, attachments, and fastening hardware to meet the minimum requirements described below:

• Equipment must be operational and free from damage , unit(s) of the same manufacturer , and compatible with those used by the Contractor . The positional accuracies of the unit(s) must be demonstrated to the Representative by field staking to existing horizontal and vertical control points in the construction area.

• Be not more than 5 years old from the date of manufacturing to the time of delivery to the job site . Provide a dated copy of the manufacturer’s receipt(s) for the purchase, lease, or rental of the units.

• Include the same versions of GNSS planning software, data collection software, navigation software, stakeout software , and post -processing software. Provide the most current version of properly licensed software (including firmware) available from the manufacturer at the time of delivery of the GNSS units.

• Enabled for both standard USB cable and Bluetooth wireless technology for data transfer.

• Ability to import, export, and display point and alignment data in XML format.

• Internal or modular, rechargeable battery system capable of operating a minimum of 8 hours (may include interchangeable batteries), including the battery charger.

• Hard or soft-shell carry case and all appropriate operation manuals.

• Equipped to receive and utilize Real Time Kinematics (RTK) correctional data (current version of Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services (RTCM) format, Compact Measurement Record (CMR)) through integrated communications with a GNSS base receiver which includes all necessary communication devices, repeaters , and systems to meet the minimum required accuracy and not exceed a 1 second latency at the rover. The RTK data must be available at all locations across the entire contract site during all hours of construction and inspection operations.

• Capability to localize both the horizontal and vertical control to local project monumentation, while utilizing RTK corrections from a reference network.

• Able to display the number of satellites tracked at any one time, and indicate the accuracy quality of each measurement relative to the strength of signals, and the Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP).

• Include dual frequency receivers.

• Minimum Required Kinematic Accuracy relative to primary project control: Horizontal: 0.033 feet ± 1.0 parts per million; Vertical: 0.065 feet ± 1.0 parts per million.

• The data controller must allow the user to program and store multiple configurations (also known as user preferences) before the actual field measurements. Configurations must be capable of being stored and recalled in the field

• One fixed height rover rod 2 meters in length, one attachable bipod which is compatible with the rover rod, and one topo shoe for each unit provided.

• A GNSS base unit with fixed height tripod to operate as a n RTK base station must include all necessary cables, hardware, and fasteners.

• Must possess FCC license and maintain copy of license with equipment.

• All surveying instruments and accessories must be Survey Grade

• All automatic and digital levels must be Survey Grade

• Provide proof all instruments are “Cleaned, Calibrated, and Certified” no more than 1 year from the certificate date.

686.3CONSTRUCTION—

conference. Do not begin construction surveying until on or after the Notice to Proceed. Upon completion of the survey work, return all survey information to the Representative. The centerline, base lines, side road alignments, channel alignments, plan base lines, and interchange alignments will be established during project design. If there is an extensive time lapse between the design phase and the beginning of work, the Representative will refurbish the alignment by marking and placing new guard stakes at the pre-established control points. Verify the alignment, grades, elevations, and dimensions indicated. Document all design errors. Immediately notify the Representative of all errors, omissions, or discrepancies upon discovery. Give the Representative written notice at least 3 weeks before removal of any existing benchmark disc(s). Return the old disc(s) to the Representative.

Place the new benchmark disc(s) as directed, at a point that can be occupied by a survey level rod. Provide a written statement of completion to the Representative. The Representative will establish the new elevation on the new disc(s) and stamp the disc(s) accordingly. Provide all construction surveying services, material, and equipment needed to stake, mark, reference, and monitor the project. Provide the Representative with a ll assistance requested for verification of lines, grades, widths, elevations, and measurements or for QA verification. Record geometric or coordinate ties on all lines produced. All survey activities will be performed according to Publication 122M. Employ a Professional Land Surveyor or Professional Engineer, registered in the State, qualified in the use of highway and bridge plans; cross sections and specifications; and procedures for establishing line and grade, structure locations, and dimensions, as required. Assume full responsibility for dimensions and elevations taken from control stakes and for the setting of structure location and line and grade stakes. Provide documentation for all types of construction surveying including:

• Name and address of Professional Land Surveyor or Professional Engineer in Responsible Charge

• Copy of current State of Pennsylvania issued license number and a copy of the Professional Seal

• Resume of route surveying experience

• The Professional Land Surveyor or Professional Engineer in Responsible Charge must be present periodically throughout the construction phases checking the ongoing surveying activities and be available to address all concerns raised by the Department.

For Type A, Type B, Type B Modified, Type D, and Type D Modified construction surveying , provide a surveyor or engineer to work under the direction of the registered Professional Land Surveyor or Professional Engineer. This individual must have as a minimum: highway surveying knowledge, skills, and abilities equivalent to those of the State’s Surveyor Technician Supervisor Job Classification or have experience in the prerequisite work elements of the National Institute for Certification in Engineering Technologies (NICET) Transportation Engineering Technician/Highway Surveys Level III Technician. References to “minor structure work” or “minor roadway work” refer to structure or roadway work representing 20% or less of the total contract price. For all projects, including those with unsuitable and borrow excavation material, the Department will provide all cross sections needed to compute quantities for payment.

an AMG QC Plan to Department as specified in Section 106.03(b) at least 1 week before the preconstruction conference. As a minimum, the AMG QC Plan must demonstrate the grading control equipment meets the performance requirements within acceptable tolerances. Also, the AMG QC Plan must provide a methodology the Representative can utilize to make checks for location, grade, flowline , and position according to the contract and as specified in Section 686.3(b)1. The Representative may perform spot checks of the machine control grading results, surveying calculations, records, field procedures, and actual staking. Provide base stations to be set up to facilitate inspection as directed. If the Representative determines the work is not being performed in a manner t o ensure accurate results, the Representative may order such work to be redone, to the requirements of the contract documents, at no additional cost to the Department. Checks performed by the Representative do not relieve the Contractor of responsibility for the accuracy of work performed.

horizontal and vertical control points in the field for the project as indicated in the contract documents. Computer Aided Design Drafting (CADD) files will include the following as applicable:

• files representing the design surfaces

• files containing all horizontal and vertical alignment information

• documentation file describing all the profiles

• primary design file

• cross section files

• all reference files

No guarantee is made the data systems used by the Department will be directly compatible with the systems the Contractor uses. The Department will develop and make available electronic data to the Contractor for review as part of the contract bid documents as specified in Section 102.06(e) . Ensure the electronic data will function in the Contractor’s machine control grading system before the bid.

which includes a contract pay item for construction surveying and if AMG is utilized by the C ontractor. Survey control includes all statewide or local , primary and secondary, and horizontal and vertical controls used for the geospatial positioning of work items. Upon completion of initial survey reconnaissance control verification and 5 working days before the scheduled beginning of primary field operations, submit the Contractor Survey Control Report FormS-686 AMG-1 signed and sealed by a Professional Land Surveyor registered in the State. Include the following required control information (tabular form is acceptable) as part of the Contractor Survey Control Report FormS-686-AMG-1:

• All contract control shown in the contract documents or in the Contractor Survey Control Report

• Submit all contract control points and benchmarks:

ͦ Indicate which control points and benchmarks were recovered in the field and their condition. ͦ Contract coordinate or elevation ͦ Field determined coordinate or elevation ͦ Contractor adjusted coordinate or elevation, if necessary ͦ Control points and benchmarks intended to be used for construction purposes ͦ Site Calibration method utilized and a report of the following:

- A scaled CADD drawing, sketch , or diagram showing project location and control points used to determine the site calibration. The project location must be fully contained in the site calibration control points. - A detailed software report of the site calibration - Report all survey control points within tolerance used in the site calibration. Horizontal allowable error ± 0.04 feet, Vertical allowable error ± 0.08 feet - Report checks of all recovered original survey control points not used in the site calibration .

• Adjustment method used to balance or adjust the control (e.g. Compass Rule for Baseline, Calibration Report for GNSS, etc.). Attach a copy of the localization or site calibration necessary for Survey Grade GNSS Inspection and Automated Machine Guidance along with all other miscellaneous adjustments.

• Control Network diagram (drawn to legible scale) with roadways indicated.

• Indicate the Pennsylvania Coordinate System Zone utilized , Horizontal Datum, Vertical Datum, Geoid, and Combined factor used to account for the ellipsoidal reduction factor and the grid scale factor

• Indicate if additional (new) control is anticipated and where they would be set.

• If a GNSS base station(s) is used on a project either for inspection or stakeout, provide the determined coordinate and elevation value of the station and the datum differential from existing control provided by the Department.

Do not begin primary field operations until the Contractor Survey Control Report is accepted by the Representative. Upon acceptance of the Contractor Survey Control Report, submit a signed and sealed copy to the Representative through the PennDOT Project Collaboration Center (PPCC). Provide all revisions or additions to contract control for stakeout or layout of proposed work items in writing to the Representative before beginning that revised portion of stakeout or layout work. Notify the District Chief of Surveys of all project control meetings.

channel alignments, plan base lines, and interchange alignments on the ground at major control points. The maximum interval between referenced major control points may not exceed 1,000 feet. Reference all major control points and establish vertical benchmarks at appropriate locations. Provide construction stakeout of the project using the horizontal and vertical control established by the Department. Provide relocation and preservation of all horizontal references of major control points and vertical benchmarks established by the Department. Provide the Representative with a comprehensive stakeout schedule for development of the project listing areas or grading sections by plan designation or station location. Check the cross section (original ground and template intersection) on each side of the grade point(s) at each station for accuracy and acceptance. In case of cross sectional or template discrepancy, forward documentation to the Representative before continuing earth disturbance. If the finished grade is 5 feet or more vertically above or below existing grade, place an offset grade point with a guard stake at right angles to the centerline or base line controlling the grade point(s) or at 90 degrees from the tangent to the curve at each 100-foot station. Offset grade points from the intersection of the cross section template and original ground. Mark guard stakes according to the rounding, station, offset right or left of centerline/base line, and offset from the intersection of the template and original ground. If finished grade is constructed using grading equipment controlled by AMG Systems , the longitudinal interval for setting finished grade points may be increased to not more than 500 feet for tangent sections only, provided the requirements as specified in Section 686.3(b)1 are met. Establish a finished grade control line offset parallel to the centerline or base line, by setting grade points at 50 foot intervals. Establish grade points at 25 -foot intervals for arcs/curves equal to or greater than 16 degrees. Provide control points and conventional grade stakes at critical points such as, but not limited to Point of Curve (PC)’s, Point of Tangent (PT)’s, superelevation points, and other critical points required for the construction of drainage and roadway structures. Furnish the Representative with grade sheets for all grade points and finish grade points. Show the grade point elevation, finish grade elevation, and offset right or left of the grade point or finish grade point from the centerline or base line on Form D-413. Stake the plan alignments and grade points for temporary construction easements and temporary roadways or crossovers. Stake legal right-of-way lines and temporary easement lines, if required. Provide the Representative with all coordinate networks used in staking the project, including coordinate geometry, horizontal geometry, and referenced network points.

software manufacturer and version, grading plans, quality processes, tolerance requirements, and the proposed location of the local GNSS base station used for broadcasting differential correction data to rover units to the Department as specified in Section 106.03(b). Provide the Representative with a survey grade GNSS inspection unit(s) for use during the duration of the contract. Maintain the unit(s) until 30 days after physical work has been satisfactorily completed. After the 30 days, unit(s) will be returned. Maint ain unit(s) in good working condition and provide replacement due to breakdown, damage, or theft within 3 working days. Ensure all GPS units are fully operational. Review and apply data the Department has provided to perform AMG machine control grading. Bear all costs, including but not limited to the cost of actual reconstruction of work that may be incurred because of errors in application of AMG machine control grading techniques. Correction of grade elevation

errors and associated quantity adjustments resulting from the Contractor’s activities are at no additional cost to the Department. Convert the Department’s electronic data into a format compatible with the machine control system. Manipulation of the Department’s electronic data is undertaken at the Contractor’s own risk. Check and recalibrate, if necessary, the GNSS machine control system at the beginning of each work day. Download data to the inspection units for use by the Representative and include horizontal and vertical alignments, project control network points, and 3D models. Utilize the Department provided survey control network as the spatial reference datum network from which RTK base corrections are derived. Select communication technique(s) and devices to be used to ensure consistent and reliable delivery of RTK correctional data from GNSS units. Meet the same accuracy requirements as conventional grading construction. This may require supplemental technologies to meet final grade accuracy if using AMG. Establish secondary control points at appropriate intervals and at locations along the length of the project and outside the project limits and where work is performed beyond the project limits as required at intervals not to exceed 1000 feet. Determine the horizontal position of these points using static or RTK GPS sessions or by traverse connection from the original baseline control points. Establish the elevation of these control points using differential leveling from the project benchmarks forming closed loops. Be responsible for all errors. Correct all deficiencies to the satisfaction of the Representative at no additional cost to the Department. Preserve all reference points and monuments established by the Representative within the project limits. Reestablish reference points that have not been preserved at no additional cost to the Department. Provide a revised survey control report to the Department for all reestablished reference points. Provide controls points and conventional grade stakes at critical points such as, but not limited to, PC’s, PT’s, superelevation points, and other critical points required for the construction of drainage and roadway structures. Provide electronic construction data for the machine -controlled data surface model compatible with MicroStation. Mount the base station semi-permanently in a stable and secure location where it will not be disturbed by construction activities or be easily damaged by vandalism. Select a location where the base station will be capable of providing radio signal coverage over the entire contract area. If the base station cannot broadcast a signal covering the entire site, provide adequate repeater radios or other communications. Do not relocate a GNSS unit installed as a base station for inspection operations without approval. At a minimum, set grade points at right angles to the centerline on tangents and radial offsets on curves at 500-foot intervals the entire length of mainline. In addition, set a minimum of two grade points on each ramp, on each intersecting roadway, and on projects less than 1,000 feet in length. Tabulate and provide offsets and elevations of all grade points using Form D-413 to the Representative. Accompany rough grade and fine grade stakes with a guard stake for easy identification. Provide other points as directed for verification of accuracy by the Department Within 100 feet horizontally or longitudinally or both from all tie-ins to existing pavement or structures , set grade points at 25-foot intervals as specified in Section 686.3(b). Provide the same project specific control network to the Department as that used during construction. The Department will review the network and monitor the project. Test the finished surface at all hinge points or centerline or both, edge of lane, and edge of shoulders on the cross section at all critical locations and as established in the AMG QC Plan. All locations are required to be within ± 1/2 inch. Upon successful quality control testing, notify the Representative the finished surface is ready for acceptance. At a minimum, the Representative will witness grade testing of the finished surface, at all hinge points or centerline or both, edge of lane, and edge of shoulders on the cross section at random locations every 500 feet according to PTM No. 1 for acceptance. Test results will be documented on FormS-686- AMG-2. If more than 10% of all acceptance tests are determined to exceed ± 1/2 inch in any phase of the project, the Representative may require setting grade points at 50-foot intervals in tangent and at 25-foot intervals for arcs/curves equal to or greater than 16 degrees as specified in Section 686.3(b).

1.a Survey Grade GNSS Inspection Unit Training. For all survey grade GNSS inspection units, provide Department staff or their representatives or both with a minimum of two separate 8 hour minimum training sessions on the use and operation of the unit(s) during the first year of the contract. Provide the

first session within 1 week of delivery of the unit(s) to the site. Provide the second session upon the request of the Department. Provide one additional 8 hour minimum training session during each additional contract year the unit(s) are in service. Submit qualifications of the training facilitator and proposed training location to the Representative for approval. All training must be from a manufacturer-verified trainer who is approved.

minor structure work. Construction surveying required for the minor structure work, if any, is incidental. Perform incidental surveying as specified for the applicable type. Establish the centerline, baselines, side road alignments, and channel alignments on the ground at major control points. The maximum interval between referenced major control points may not exceed 1,000 feet. Reference all major control points and establish vertical benchmarks at appropriate locations. Provide construction stakeout of the project, using the horizontal and vertical control established by the Department. Provide relocation and preservation of all horizontal references of major control points and vertical benchmarks established by the Department. Establish all base lines, grade lines, parallel lines, traverse lines, and reference lines deemed necessary by the Engineer to control construction operations. Stake the plan alignment and grade for temporary roadways and crossovers. Stake legal right-of-way lines and temporary easement lines as required to construct the project. Stake the lines based on plan data. Provide the Representative with all coordinate networks used in staking the project, including coordinate geometry, horizontal geometry, and reference network points.

with minor structure work. Construction surveying required for the minor structure work, if any, is incidental. Perform incidental surveying as specified for the applicable type. Establish the centerline and baselines on the ground at major control points. Establish vertical benchmarks at appropriate locations. Establish legal right-of-way lines or temporary easement lines, as required, at project locations controlled by flat chain stations. If curved alignments or complex configurations are beyond the scope of the flat chain survey, the Department will stake the right of way. Provide construction stakeout of the project, using the alignment established by the Department. Provide the relocation and preservation of all major control point or vertical benchmark. Place and maintain all grade points, guard stakes, nails, hubs, or paint marks necessary to control construction of the project. Stake plan alignment and grade for temporary roadways and crossovers. Stake legal right-of-way lines or temporary easement lines if controlled by horizontal geometry. Stake the lines based on plan data.

station, or the beginning and ending segments and offsets. Establish the limits of work only once during the life of the Contract. For Group Contracts, establish the limits of work using State Route and segment markers. Place additional stakes or marks as necessary to control construction operations.

roadway work. Construction required for the minor roadway work, if any, is incidental. Perform incidental surveying as specified for the applicable type. Establish all centerline, base lines, and structure control points on the ground. Provide the construction stakeout of bridges, arches, culverts, and other special structures, as required to facilitate, and control the work, using the horizontal and vertical control established by the Department. Review the structure stakeout plan sheet designating work points to be referenced with the Representative before performing the field stakeout. If beam seat layout is required, submit a report verifying staked points. Include the contract coordinates and elevations, field staked coordinates and elevations, and computed residuals. Obtain approval for all variances and exceptions to the field stakeout plan before performing the work.

Reference all designated work points. Reference each work point on a direct line through a ll adjacent work point(s). Establish three reference points for the work point at each corner of abutments and at each end of wingwalls. Establish three reference points for work points on proprietary or other walls. For land piers, establish three reference points, on each side of the substructure, for work points on the centerline of bearing. The distance between a work point and its first reference point is to be less than 100 feet, except centerline pier reference. Establish a Third Order, Class I traverse network, at each structure site, coordinating abutment and pier reference. Show the precision ratio and comparisons of longitudinal distances. Before structure construction activities, furnish the Representative with a field stakeout sketch (a sketch will not be required for single span bridge, culverts, and arches) , based on the structure plan stakeout, showing only centerline/base line stations, span lengths, reference angles, and reference lengths. Show two described vertical benchmarks. Before structure construction activities, furnish the Representative with a sketch showing a triangulation network or traverse network at each structure site (a sketch will not be required for single span bridge, culverts, and arches). For water-bound piers, include base line control showing length of sides “a” and “b” and interior angles A and B. Include the date, structure description, Contractor's name, and person responsible for the stakeout, on field stakeout sketches , signed and sealed by a Professional Land Surveyor or Professional Engineer registered in Pennsylvania.

construction/rehabilitation with minor roadway work. Construction surveying required for the minor roadway work, if any, is incidental. Perform incidental surveying as specified for the applicable type. Establish all centerline, base lines, and structure control points on the ground. Provide the construction stakeout of the structure rehabilitation, using the horizontal and vertical control established by the Department. Review the structure stakeout plan sheet designating the work points to be referenced with the Representative, before performing the field stakeout. Reference all designated work points. Reference each work point on a direct line through all adjacent work point(s). Establish three reference points for the work point at each corner of abutments and at each end of wingwalls. For land piers, establish three reference points, on each side of the substructure, for work points on the centerline of bearing or as indicated on the structure plan stakeout. The distance between a work point and its first reference point is to be less than 100 feet, with the exception of pier reference. For water-bound piers, use base line reference. Before structure construction activities, furnish the Representative with a field stakeout sketch, based on the structure plan stakeout, showing reference points, lengths, vertical control, and pertinent plan data. Before structure construction activities, f urnish the Representative with a separate sketch showing a triangulation network or traverse network, or methodology for a mathematical check of the survey produced, signed and sealed by a Professional Land Surveyor or Professional Engineer registered in Pennsylvania .

report them to the Representative. To utilize GPS in locating joints, perform a site calibration and complete FormS-686AMG-1. If no contract control exists, establish a horizontal co ntrol network referenced to the Pennsylvania Coordinate System. Submit all documentation, reports, and field notes to the Representative. If utilizing a total station to locate joints, a closed loop traverse is required with a precision closure of 1:15,000.

sealed construction plan, right-of-way monuments are to consist of No. 5 rebar, 24 -inches in length, with either aluminum or plastic caps inscribed with “PennDOT R/W”. For monuments in asphalt surfaces, use a railroad spike, or any heavy duty, hardened, steel survey nail no less than 3 1/2-inches in length. For monuments in concrete or bedrock, set an engraved or drilled hole with a cross -cut, well-dressed, and unmistakable surveyed mark. Perform all work under the supervision of a Professional Land Surveyor, registered in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. After monuments are set, submit a survey report signed and sealed by a licensed Professional Land Surveyor, registered in the Commonweal th of Pennsylvania, to the District Chief of Surveys for review and approval. In the survey report, include a scaled CADD drawing, sketch, or diagram

of all set monuments, noting the materials used, date set, the horizontal coordinates for each monument, and the centerline stations and offsets. Use the same coordinate base and datum on the CADD drawing as used on the said right-of-way or construction plan. Use positional accuracy according to Publication 122M. Include photographs in the survey report of all set monuments. Index and label the photographs. Publication 122M explains the overall objective for the setting of the right-of-way monuments. If the monuments cannot be set as indicated or according to Publication 122M, consult with the District Chief of Surveys before proceeding.

686.4MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT—

For the type indicated. The Department will pay for this item as specified in Section 110.05, in four payments, according to the following schedule:

• When work representing 10% of the total contract price is completed, excluding the bid price for this item, the Department will pay 40% of the amount bid for this item.

• When work representing 30% of the total contract price is completed, excluding the bid price for this item, the Department will pay 30% of the amount bid for this item.

• When work representing 75% of the total contract price is completed, excluding the bid price for this item, the Department will pay 20% of the amount bid for this item.

• Upon completion of the physical work associated for the type indicated , the Department will pay the remaining 10% of the amount bid for this item.

Required system checks, training, maintenance, calibration, electronic file data preparation, and one survey-grade GNSS inspection unit are incidental to this item.

this price before performing the work.

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