4of the NEMA TS-2 Standards

Μ−67All detector unit delay and extension timings called for on the Plans shall be programmed in the controller unit, not in the detector unit.

NEMA TS-2 Standards, Section 6, Auxiliary Devices, all load switches shall utilize optically isolated, encapsulated modular solid-state relays. Discrete components on circuit boards will not be accepted. Load switch indicator lights shall be LED type and wired on the input side of the device. The field electrical loading for flash operation shall be wired through the transfer relays such that the load on the 2-circuit flasher is as balanced as possible within the limitations of the signal phasing. Controller cabinets shall be furnished with a full complement of load switches and flash transfer relays. This requires a load switch and a flash transfer relay for each back-panel position, even it the position is not used.

Section 4 of the NEMA TS-2 Standards.

provided at all master controller locations and at selected local controllers as specified on the Plans. At these locations, a shelf mounted modem sha ll be supplied. The modem shall provide a full duplex operation using a 2-wire, dial-up telephone line, and comply with Part 66, FCC Docket 19528. The modem shall support the communications rate of the system software and synchronous and asynchronous data transfer. The modem shall be wired such that it is capable of being powered down and powered up via a user-defined controller output to automatically reset the modem. The user-defined output shall utilize an interface relay in controlling power to the modem. The user-defined output shall be initially programmed to be on at all times except for a one-minute interval starting at 1:00 a.m. each day. Originate Manual or Auto Answer operating modes shall be provided. The modem shall provide an Auto Disconnect function that will disconnect the modem due to lack of carrier after 18 seconds. The front diagnostic L.E.D.s shall display, at a minimum, the operational status of the following: Modem Ready Terminal Ready Receive Data Send Data Off Hook Carrier Detect Auto Answer High Speed

The modem reset shall be controlled by a switch on the cabinet door as described in Subsection M.15.13.2; Para. g.3(c) . The modem shall include an easily accessible on/off switch operating with power supplied from a controller cabinet duplex outlet. The modem shall have an operating temperature range of - 34°C (-30°F) to +74° C (+165°F). Care should be exercised in the organization and construction of the controller cabinet to ensure that the opening and closing of the cabinet door does not interfere with the modem’s power cable.

meet all requirements of Section 8 of the NEMA TS-2 Standards.

Μ−68 M.15.14 DETECTOR RELAYS - LOOP . All detector units shall be rack mounted and meet the provisions of Subsection 6.5; Inductive Loop Detectors of the NEMA Standard Publication No. TS-2, Traffic Controller Assemblies. All delay and extension settings shall be set in the controller unless otherwise directed on the Plans and/or as directed by the Engineer.

M.15.15 VEHICULAR SIGNAL HEADS. Signal heads shall conform to the requirements of the Equipment Standard of the Institute of Transportation Engineers, latest edition. All vehicular signal heads shall be Light Emitting Diode (L.E.D.) Traffic Signal Modules. They shall be 12 inches (300 mm) in diameter, unless otherwise indicated on the Plans. The L.E.D. signal module shall conform to the requirements of the Purchase Specifications of the Institute of Transportation Engineers, latest edition, for Light Emitting Diode (L.E.D.) Traffic Signal Modules. An independent laboratory shall certify that the L.E.D. signal module complies with Section 6; Quality Assurance, of the above referenced ITE L.E.D. Purchase Specification. All L.E.D. lamps shall have a UV stabilized clear lens.

All L.E.D. signal modules shall be warranted against material defects, workmanship and loss of luminous intensity, for a period of 60 months from the time the units are placed in service. Lamps shall have a minimum of 144 L.E.D.s (light emitting diodes). The lamps shall be wired with parallel circuits, such that one burned out L.E.D. will not affect more than 5 percent of the total circuit. A filtered power supply engineered to electrically protect the L.E.D.s and maintain a safe and reliable operation shall be provided. In-Line Fusing with a maximum rating of 2 amps shall be provided in the power lead to minimize the effect and repair cost of an extreme over voltage situation or other failure mode. All signals shall be capable of flash operation with no restrictions or degradation of performance. Lamps shall be provided with 40-inch pigtails. Wires shall be terminated with a crimp style female quick slide 1/4-inch spade lug (16-14 wire size). Lamps shall have color coded 16 AWG wires for identification of heads as follows: Red L.E.D. Red with White neutral Yellow L.E.D. Yellow with White neutral Green L.E.D. Green with White neutral

All modules supplied to be retrofit into existing signal heads shall include a new gasket.

The L.E.D. signal module shall be a single, self-contained device, not requiring on-site assembly for installation into a signal housing. The module shall have a permanent UP ARROW for correctly orienting the module in the signal housi ng. The manufacturer’s name, trademark, serial number and any other necessary identifications hall be permanently marked on the backside of the module.

The maximum wattage for a 12-inch (300 mm) ball shall be 25 watts. The maximum wattage for a 12-inch (300 mm) arrow shall be 14 watts.

Red and green arrows, and green/yellow dual indication arrows shall consist of two rows of

Μ−69L.E.D.s. The lamps shall be in parallel circuits such that one burned-out L.E.D. will not affect more than 5 percent of the total circuit. M.15.16 PEDESTRIAN SIGNAL HEADS. The signals covered under this subsection consist of L.E.D. modules displaying alternating international “HAND” and “WALKING MAN” symbols contained within a weatherproof housing. L.E.D. signal module shall be a self-contained devise, not requiring on-site assembly for installation. L.E.D. signal modules shall be manuf actured to fit in standard 12-inch signal housings as a retrofit replacement for existing signal lamps. All hardware, including screws, washers, nuts and bolts, shall be stainless steel and all other components shall be corrosion resistant. All components shall be readily accessible when the door is open. The L.E.D. signal module shall consist of a double message overlay combining the “HAND” and “WALKING MAN” symbols. The symbols shall be formed by arranging the L.E.D.s to form a full overlay of each symbol. The L.E.D. signal module shall conform to the requirements of the Purchase Specification of the Institute of Transportation Engineers, latest edition, for Light Emitting Diode (L.E.D.) Pedestrian Traffic Signal Modules.

M.15.17 PEDESTRIAN PUSHBUTTON DETECTORS .

enclosure that is free of voids, pits, dents, excessive foundry grinding marks, and other exterior blemishes, and is water-tight and rated for out door use. The housing shall be furnished with a hole in the bottom and back that are tapped to accept a ½-inch NPT thread plug. The bottom hole shall be supplied with a threaded plug. The back hole shall be supplied with a non-threaded plastic plug or equivalent. Pedestrian pushbuttons shall be compliant with the latest edition of the U.S. Access Board’s ADA Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) that are approved by the U.S. DOT, and shall be pressure- activated requiring no more than three (3) pounds of force to activate. Pushbuttons and solid state switches shall be rated to 20 million actuations minimum.

Pedestrian pushbutton detector assemblies shall include a sign with an arrow indicating the direction of the crossing associated with the pushbutton. The sign shall explain the meaning of each of the pedestrian signal indications that may be visible to a pedestrian standing at the button, and shall conform to the specific design included in the latest MUTCD as called for on the Plans. All pedestrian detectors furnis hed and installed under one Contract shall be identical models of current production, and untried or prototype units will not be acceptable.

pedestrian pushbutton, housing, and sign assembly requirements described in Subsection “a” above, APDs shall also include features that provide audible, vibrotactile, and other visual information to pedestrians. APDs shall meet or exceed the requirements for Accessible Pedestrian Signals and Detectors included in the latest MUTCD.

APDs shall include a raised vibrotactile arrow incorporated into the pushbutton to clearly indicate the direction of crossing. The raised vibrot actile arrow shall have high visual contrast (light on dark or dark on light) and be aligned parallel to the direction of pedestrian travel on the

Μ−70 crosswalk associated with the pushbutton. The vibrotactile arrow shall vibrate when the WALK signal is on for the crosswalk associated with the pushbutton, and shall be motionless at all other times.

APDs shall include an audible pushbutton locator t one to allow visually disabled pedestrians to locate the pushbutton. The locator tone shall be deactivated or silent when the WALK signal is on for the crosswalk associated with the pushbutton and when the traffic signal is operating in a flashing mode; at all other times the locator t one, having a duration of 0.15 sec onds or less and repeating at one (1) second intervals, shall emanate from the APD. The volume of the locator tone shall be automatically adjusted in response to ambient sound level, up to a maximum volume of 100 dBA. The Contractor shall initially program the volume-intensity-responsive locator tone to em anate at a minimum of ambient sound and a maximum of 5 dBA louder than ambient sound. The locator tone shall be audible a distance of six (6) to twelve (12) feet away from the pus hbutton or to the nearest edge of the building closest to the pushbutton, whichever is less.

APDs shall emanate an audible indication of the WALK signal upon activation of the WALK signal for the crosswalk associated with the pushbutton. Such audible walk indications shall have the same duration as the pedestrian WALK signal except when the pedestrian signal rests in WALK (in the latter case the duration of the audible indication of the WALK signal shall be no more than seven (7) seconds). The APD-emanated indication of the WALK signal shall be audible from the entrance to the crosswalk associated with the pushbutton that is closest to the APD.

Each APD shall be capable of providing either a percussive tone or a verbals peech message for the audible indication of the WALK signal. Unless otherwise noted on the Plans, where at least ten (10) feet separate the APD from another APD, the audible WALK indication shall be a rapid-tick percussive tone, repeating at eight (8) to ten (10) ticks per second and consisting of multiple frequencies with a dominant component at 880 Hz. Where less than ten (10) feet separate the APD from another APD, the audible WALK indication shall be a verbal speech message that is patterned after the model: “Broadway - Walk sign is on to cr oss Broadway” for concurrent pedestrian crossings (when some vehicles have a green signal during the pedestrian interval), and “Walk sign is on for all crossings” for exclusive pedestrian crossings (w hen all vehicles have a red signal during the pedestrian interval). Verbal speech messages shall be recorded in a clear, moderately pitched voice, with excellent diction and moderate pacing. The volume of the audible WALK indication shall be automatically adjusted in response to ambient sound level, up to a maximum volume of 100 dBA. The Contractor shall initially program the volume-intensity-responsive audible WALK indication to em anate at a minimum of ambient sound and a maximum of 5 dBA louder than ambient sound.

APDs shall include a pushbutton confirmation light that is illuminated upon pushbutton activation. Once illuminated, the confirmation light shall remain on until the WALK signal turns on for the crosswalk associated with the pushbutton, when the confirmation light shall turn off. Each actuation of the confirmation light shall be accompanied by the audible verbal speech message: “Wait.” The “Wait.” speech message shall comply with the same recordi ng, volume adjustment, and initial programming requirements stipulated above for audible WALK indication verbal speech messages.

All sounds shall emanate from the APD via a weather- and water-proof speaker that is protected by a vandal-resistant screen. Minimum and maximum volumes for each different sound shall be able to be programmed independently.

All audible, vibrotactile, and visual features of the APD shall be non-operational when the traffic signal is in flash mode.

Each APD shall be capable of being customized wi th speech messages that vary from those

Μ−71described above. Unless otherwise called for on the Plans, a wire connection shall be installed from the APD to a control unit in the traffic signal controller cabinet. The control unit shall enable the technician at the cabinet to reprogram, configure, and communicate with each APD installed at the intersection.

handheld battery-powered unit capable of communicating wirelessly with APDs installed in the field. The device shall be capable of modifying all configurable settings of the APD. M.15.18 PAINT COLORS. "Federal Yellow" shall conform to the color standards approved and contained in the "Manual for Signs and Pavement Marking of the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways," standard Interstate colors.

M.15.19 ITEMS REQUIRING A MATERIALS CERTIFICATE AND A CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE. For the following items, a Materials Certificate and a Certificate of Compliance will be required confirming their conformance to the requirements set forth in the Special Provisions and/or Plans.

SECTION M.16

SIGNS AND SIGN SUPPORTS

M.16.01 SIGN PANELS. M.16.01.1 Extruded Aluminum.

The panels shall be fabricated of extruded aluminum channels ASTM B221, alloy 6063-T6; and they shall be 0.125-inch thick, 12 inches wide and of bolted joint design. Partial channel sections shall not be allowed except where sign dimensions warrant and then only one such reduced section of six inches shall be permitted per sign panel. The panels, attachments and hardware shall conform to the requirements and details indicated on the Plans.

Μ−72 Locking tab fastenings engaging the sign stringers and connected to the sign sheets shall be designed with a factor of safety of not less than 1.61 against the minimum yield stress of the material and shall be fabricated of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy material as shown on the Plans. Stud material shall be aluminum alloy 1100-H16, electrically welded to the sign sheets by the capacitor discharge method. Hardware required to fasten panels together or to attach signs to posts shall be aluminum or stainless steel. Stainless hardware shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A320. Nuts shall be of the self-locking type. M.16.01.2 Aluminum Sheets. Aluminum sheets for signs shall conform to ASTM B209, latest issue, alloy 6061-T6. The minimum thickness of sheets shall be as shown on the Plans. M.16.01.3 Temporary Construction Sign Panels. The plywood shall be of the exterior type and conform to the requirements as set forth in Department of Commerce product standard PSI-66. Face, core, and cross veneers shall be grade B or better, and the entire area of contacting veneer surface shall be bonded with a waterproof adhesive that meets the test requirements for exterior type. The overlay shall be of the high-density type. Precautions shall be taken during plywood manufacture and subsequent handling to prevent any press caul lubricants, release agents, or other contaminants from coming in contact with the overlay surface. Thickness, length, and width shall be as shown on the Plans. Sign blanks shall be cut to shape using a saw blade that does not tear plywood grain. Holes shall be clean cut and uniform. The Contractor may use aluminum sheets for temporary construction signs which meet the requirements of Subsection M.16.01.2; Aluminum Sheets, of these Specifications.

The Contractor may also use vinyl rollup signs which meet the requirements for Type II Engineering Grade reflective sheeting. M.16.02 REFLECTIVE SHEETING. M.16.02.1 General. The reflective sheeting covered by this Specification shall consist of a retroreflective system having a smooth outer surface. When an adhesive backing is used, the sheeting shall have a precoated adhesive on the ba ck protected by an easily removable liner.

designations "A" for glass bead and "B" for prismatic sheeting.

with markings, and shall meet or exceed the retroreflection requirements, color conformance and all tests in accordance with ASTM D4956.

Μ−73d. Type VI is a prismatic retroreflective sheeting used for certain outside work zone signs.

AASHTO M268 Type I retroreflective sheeting, Type II engineering grade and Type IIA super engineering grade are not included in these Specifications. M.16.02.2 Applications.

sign for which Type V or Type VI sheeting is not specified.

including flourescent traffic cones, drum barricades and plastic pipe-type barricades.

orange background sheeting choice.

W4-1, W4-2, W10-1 signs, Hazard Markers Type 1, 3, and Typical End-of-Road Markers, E5-1 and E5-1a series. M.16.02.3 Material Requirements, Type IIIA, IIIB, and Type IV Sheeting.

of AASHTO M268 except modified as follows:

The purchaser may accept colors by certification or may require the Contractor to provide copies of laboratory test reports to substantiate compliance with contract color requirements. When testing is required, the test instrument used shall be one of the following or an approved equal: • GARDNER Model AC-2a Color Difference Meter or Model XL 30 Color Difference Meter.

• HUNTERLAB D25 Color Difference Meter

Test panels shall be mounted in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

SIA requirements as shown in Tables 1 and 2 for the Type(s) of sheeting specified. SIA is expressed in "candelas per foot candle per square foot" (candelas per lux per square meter). Measurement of SIA shall be conducted in accordance with the applicable requirements. Test panels shall be mounted in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations.

Μ−74 Table 1

Minimum Specific Intensity Per Unit Area (SIA) (candelas per footcandle per square foot)

Type III Sheeting A -- Glass Bead Reflective Element Material Observation Entrance Angle Angle White Red Orange Yellow Green Blue ( O) (O)

0.2 -4 250 45 100 170 45 20.0 0.2 +30 150 25 60 100 25 11.0 0.5 -4 95 15 30 62 15 7.5 0.5 +30 65 10 25 45 10 5.0 B -- Prismatic Reflective Element Material Observation Entrance Angle Angle White Red Orange Yellow Green Blue

0.2 -4 250 45.0 100 170 45.0 20.0 0.2 +30 95 13.3 26 64 11.4 7.6 0.5 -4 200 28.0 56 136 24.0 18.0 0.5 +30 65 10.0 25 45 10.0 5.0

Table 2

Minimum Specific Intensity per Unit Area (SIA) (candelas per lux per square meter)

Type IV Sheeting Observation Entrance Flourescent Angle Angle White Orange ( O) (O)

0.2 -4 550 180 0.2 +30 330 100

less than 50 for Types IIIA, IIIB, and IV when tested in accordance with ASTM D523.

requirements of AASHTO M268.

AASHTO M268 except the shrinkage of Type III r eboundable sheeting shall not be more than 0.10-

Μ−75inch in 24 hours in any dimension.

at 72OF (22OC) and 50 percent relative humidity shall be sufficiently flexible to show no cracking when slowly bent around a 1/8-inch (3.2 mm) mandr el with adhesive contacting the mandrel. For ease of testing, spread talcum powder on adhesiv e to prevent sticking to mandrel. The test specimen shall be 2¾-inches by 11 inches.

Non-adhesive sheetings shall show no signs of cracking or crazing when flexed repeatedly over a 1/16-inch mandrel to 180 at 72OF.

Type III reboundable sheeting shall be conditioned and tested at 32OF.

pressure sensitive adhesive backing (Class 1) or a heat activated adhesive backing (Class 2) which shall provide for application of the sheeting without the necessity of additional adhesive coats on either the reflective sheeting or application surface. The Class 1 adhesive shall be a pressure sensitive adhesive of the aggressive tack type requiring no heat, solvent, or other preparation for adhesion to smooth clean surfaces. The Class 2 adhesive shall be an adhesive activated by applying heat in excess of 175 OF (73OC) to the material as in the heat-vacuum process of sign fabrication.

The protective liner attached to the adhesive shall be removed by peeling without soaking in water or other solvents without breaking, tearing or removing any adhesive from the backing. The protective liner shall be easily removed following accelerated storage for 4 hours at 160OF (71OC) under a weight of 2.5 pounds per square inch (0.18 kg/cm2).

The adhesive backing of the reflective sheeting shall produce a bond to support a 1¾ pound (0.79 kg) weight for 5 minutes, without the bond peeling for a distance of more than 2 inches (5.08 cm) (1 inch for Type III reboundable sheeting) w hen applied to a smooth aluminum surface and tested as specified.

conform to the applicable requirements of AASHTO M268 with the following exception: For Type III reboundable and Type IV sheeting, a 100 inch-pound setting shall be used on the test instrument. Type III reboundable sheeting shall also be further conditioned and tested at 32 OF.

the reflective sheeting shall be weather resistant and, following cleaning in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations, shall show no appreciable discoloration, cracking, blistering or dimensional change. Following exposure, the panels shall be washed with a 5 percent hydrochloric acid solution for 45 seconds, rinsed thoroughly with clean water, blotted with a soft clean cloth, brought to equilibrium at standard conditions and tested. It shall have not less than the percent of the minimum SIA specified in Table 3 when subjected to accelerated weathering in accordance with ASTM G23, Type E or EH Weatherometer with humidifier off.

Μ−76 Table 3

Accelerated Weathering Testing Requirements

Type III & IV Sheeting

Type of Hours Material Tested Minimum Specific Intensity Per Unit Area

III *2,200 80% of Table 1 IV 250 50% of Table 2 * For orange material having glass bead retrorefle ctive elements and for Type III reboundable sheeting, the hours tested shall be 500.

M.16.02.4 Material Requirements - Type V Sheeting

aluminum test panels is measured in accordance with ASTM E810, it shall have minimum coefficient of retroreflection values as shown in Table 4. The rotation angle shall be 90 O, the observation angles shall be 0.2O, and 0.5O, the entrance angels (component B1) shall be -4O, and +30O, and the entrance angle component B2 shall be 0O. Table 4 Minimum Coefficient of Retroreflection R A (candelas per footcandle per square foot) (90 O Rotation Angle) Type V Sheeting Observation Entrance Angle Angle Orange ( O) (O)

0.2 -4 200 0.2 +30 90 0.5 -4 80 0.5 +30 50

maximum spectral radiance factor (peak reflectance) of sheeting mounted on aluminum test panels shall be determined instrumentally in accordance with ASTM E991. The values shall be determined on a Hunter Lab Labscan 6000 0/45 Spectrocolorimeter with option CMR 559 [or approved equal 0/45 (45/0) instrument with circumferential viewing (illumination)]. Computations shall be done in accordance with ASTM E308 for the 2 O observer.

Μ−77Table 5

Color Specification Limits* (Daytime) Type V Sheeting Reflectance Limit Y (%)

Color 1 2 3 4

x y x y x y x y min. max. Oran ge (new) .583 .416 .523 .397 .560 .360 .631 .369 30 –

Oran ge (weat h- ered) .583 .416 .523 .397 .560 .360 .631 .369 20 45

Maximum spectral radiance factor, new: 110%, min. - weathered: 60%

be determined instrumentally in a ccordance with ASTM E811 and calculated in the u’, v’ coordinate system in accordance with ASTM E308. Sheeting shall be measured at 0.33O observation and -4O entrance at 90O rotation. Color shall conform to the requirements of Table 6.

Table 6 Color Specification Limits* (Nighttime) Type V Sheeting Color 2 3

u’ v’ u’ v’ u’ v’ u’ v’

Orange (new and weather-ed) .400 .540 .475 .529 .448 .522 .372 .534 * The four pairs of chromaticity coordinates dete rmine the acceptable color in terms of the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric system measured with standard illuminant D65.

shall be weather resistant and show no appreciable cracking, blistering, crazing, or dimensional change after one year of unprotected outdoor exposure in south Florida, south-facing and inclined 45 O from the vertical, or after 1500 hours of exposure in a xenon arc weatherometer in accordance with ASTM G26, Type B, Method A. Following exposure, panels shall be washed in a 5 percent HCL solution for 45 seconds, rinsed thoroughly with clean water, blotted with a soft clean cloth and brought to equilibrium at standard conditions. After cleaning, the coefficient of retroreflection shall

Μ−78 be not less than 100 when measured as indicated in Para. d.2 of this Subsection, and the color is expected to conform to the requirements of Tables 5 and 6 for weathered sheeting. The sample shall:

curling or more than 1/32-inch (0.08 cm) shrinkage or expansion.

O observation, -4O entrance and 90O rotation. Where more than one panel of a color is measured, the coe fficient of retroreflection shall be the average of all determinations.

manufacturer’s recommendations to a test panel of alloy 6061-T6, 0.040" (0.10 cm) by 3" (7.6 cm) by 5" (12.7 cm) and conditioned for 24 hours, sha ll show no cracking outside the impact area when the face of the panel is subjected to an impact of 100 inch-pounds (11.3 Nm), using a weight with a 5/8-inch (15.8 mm) diameter rounded tip dropped fr om a height necessary to generate an impact of 100 inch-pounds, at test temperatures of both 32 OF (0OC) and 72OF (22OC).

above, and conditioned for 24 hours, shall be measured in accordance with Para. a at 0.2O observation and -4O entrance angles at 90O rotation and exposed to 170± 5OF (77± 3OC) for 24 hours in an air circulating oven. After heat exposure, the sheeting shall retain a minimum of 70 percent of the original coefficient of retroreflection.

materials in accordance with the sheeting manufacturer’s recommendations, is expected to perform effectively. The retroreflective sheeting will be considered unsatisfactory if it has deteriorated due to natural causes to the extent that 1) the sign is ineffective for its intended purpose when viewed from a moving vehicle under normal day and night driving conditions; or 2) the coefficient of retroreflection is less than 100 when measured at 0.2 O observation and -4O entrance at 90O rotation. All measurements shall be made after sign cleaning according to the sheeting manufacturer’s recommendations. M.16.02.5 Material Requirements - Type VI Sheeting

than the minimum values specified in Table 7. Testing shall be in accordance with ASTM D4956, latest edition. Units: Coefficients of retroreflection R A shall be specified in units of candelas per lux per square meter (candelas per footcandle per square foot). The observation angles shall be as per ASTM D4956, latest edition.

For colored, transparent overlay films and for screen printed transparent color areas on white sheeting, the ratios of the R A for the white to the R A for the color, when measured at 0.2O observation, -4O entrance, and 0O rotation, shall be 5:1 to 15:1 for red, not less than 5:1 for blue and not less than 5:1 for green when processed in accordance with the sheeting manufacturer’s recommendations.

Μ−79 Table 7

Minimum Coefficient of Retroreflection R A (candelas per lux per square meter) Type VI Sheeting - ASTM D4956, Latest Edition

Observation Entrance Rotation Angle Angle Angle White Yellow Blue Green ( O) (O) (O) 0.2 -4 0 430 350 20 45 0.2 +30 0 235 190 11 24 0.33 -4 0 300 250 15 33 0.33 +30 0 150 130 7 18 0.5 -4 0 250 200 10 25 0.5 +30 0 170 140 7 19 1.0 -4 0 28 22 2.4 5.0 1.0 +30 0 16 12 1.0 2.7

determined by instrumental method in accordance with ASTM E1164 on sheeting applied to aluminum test panels. The values shall be determined on a HunterLab Labscan 6000 0/45 Spectrocolorimeter with option CMR 559 [or approved equal 0/45 (45/0) instrument with circumferential viewing (illumination)]. Computations shall be done in accordance with ASTM E308 for the 2 O observer.

Table 8

Color Specification Limits* (Daytime) Type VI Sheeting Reflectance Limit Y (%)

Color 2 3 4

x y x y x y x y min. max.

White 0.305 0.305 0.355 0.355 0.335 0.375 0.285 0.325 40 –

Yellow 0.487 0.423 0.545 0.454 0.465 0.534 0.427 0.483 24 45

Blue 0.078 0.171 0.150 0.220 0.210 0.160 0.137 0.038 1 10

Green 0.030 0.398 0.166 0.364 0.286 0.446 0.201 0.794 3 9 * The four pairs of chromaticity coordinates determine the acceptable color in terms of the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric system measured with standard illuminant D65.

when tested in accordance with ASTM D523.

Μ−80 d. Color Processing . The retroreflective sheeting shall permit cutting and color processing with compatible transparent and opaque process colors in accordance with the sheeting manufacturer’s recommendations at temperatures of 15 to 38OC (59 to 100OF) and relative humidities of 20 percent to 80 percent. The sheeting shall be heat resistant and permit force curing without staining of applied or unapplied sheeting at temperatures recommended by the sheeting manufacturer.

standard conditions shall be sufficiently flexible to show no cracking when slowly bent, in one second’s time, around a 3 mm (1/8 inch) mandrel, wi th the adhesive contacting the mandrel, at test conditions. Talcum powder shall be spread on the adhesive to prevent sticking to the mandrel.

without soaking in water or other solutions, without breaking, tearing, or removing any adhesive from the backing. The protective liner shall be easily removed following accelerated storage for 4 hours at 70 OC (158OF) under a weight of .175 Kg/cm2 (2.5 pounds per square inch). The adhesive backing of the retroreflective sheeting shall produce a bond to support a .80 Kg (1.75 pound) weight for 5 minutes without the bond peeling for a distance of more than 5.0 cm (2 inches) when applied to a test panel. Apply 10 cm (4 inches) of a 2.5 cm x 15 cm (1" x 6") specimen to a test panel. Condition and then position the panel face down horizontally, suspend the weight from the free end of the sample and allow it to hang free at an angle of 90 O to the panel surface for 5 minutes.

manufacturer’s recommendations to a test panel of alloy 6061-T6, 0.10 cm (0.040 inches) by 7.5 cm (3 inches) by 12.5 cm (5 inches) and conditioned at standard conditions, shall show no cracking outside the impact area when the face of the panel is subjected to an impact of 5.65 Nm (50 inch-pounds) using a weight with a 1.6 cm (5/8 Inch) diameter rounded tip dropped from a height necessary to generate an impact of 5.65 Nm, at test temperatures of both 0 OC (32OF) and 22OC (72OF).

sheeting shall be weather resistant and show no appreciable cracking, blistering, crazing, or dimensional change after two years unprotected outdoor exposure, facing the equator and inclined O from the vertical. Following weather exposure, panels shall be washed in a 5% HCL solution for 45 seconds, rinsed thoroughly with clean water, blotted with a soft clean cloth and brought to equilibrium at standard conditions. After cleaning, the coefficient of retroreflection shall not be less than the values in Table 9 when measured at 0 O rotation and the colors shall conform to the requirements of Table 8. The sample shall:

curling or more than 0.8 mm (1/32 inch) shrinkage or expansion;

O observation, -4O entrance, and 0O rotation, and 1.0O observation, -4O entrance, and 0O rotation. Where more than one panel of a color is measured, the coefficient of retroreflection shall be the average of all determinations.

Μ−81Table 9

Minimum Coefficient of Retroreflection R A after Accelerated Outdoor Weathering (candelas per lux per square meter) Type VI Sheeting Observation Entrance Rotation Angle Angle Angle White Yellow Blue Green ( O) (O) (O) 0.2 -4 0 250 200 11 25 1.0 -4 0 45 35 1.3 3

at standard conditions, shall be measured for retroreflectance at 0.2O observation and -4O entrance angles and 0O rotation and exposed to 77± 3OC (170± 3OF) for 24 hours in an air circulating oven. After heat exposure the sheeting shall retain a minimum of 70 percent of the original coefficient of retroreflection when measured at room temperature.

conditioned at standard conditions shall show no loss of adhesion, appreciable discoloration or corrosion and after cleaning shall retain a minimum of 80 percent of the original coefficient of retroreflection when measured at 0.2 O observation, -4O entrance and 0O rotation angles after 1000 hours exposure to a 5 percent concentration of salt spray at 35OC (95OF) when tested in accordance with ASTM B117.

be of good appearance, free from ragged edges, cracks and extraneous materials, and shall be furnished in either rolls or sheets. When furnished in continuous rolls, the average number of splices shall not be more than 3 per 50 meters (54.7 yards) of material with a maximum of 4 pieces in any 50 meter (45.7 yard) length. Splices shall be butted or overlapped and shall be suitable for continuous application as furnished. When furnished as cut sheets or sign faces, the sheeting shall be packaged flat in accordance with commercially accepted standards. The sheeting shall be packed snugly in corrugated fiberboard cartons, in accordance with commercially accepted standards. Each carton shall clearly stipulate the brand, quantity, size, lot or run number and color. Stored under normal conditions the retroreflective sheeting as furnished shall be suitable for use for a minimum period of one year.

shipment, a certification which states that the material supplied will meet all of the requirements listed herein.

retroreflection shall not be less than the values listed in Table 10.

Μ−82 Table 10

Minimum Coefficient of Retroreflection R A after Ten Years (candelas per lux per square meter) Type VI Sheeting Observation Entrance Angle Angle White Yellow Blue Green ( O) (O)

0.2 -4 250 200 10 23 1.0 -4 45 35 2 5

All measurements shall be made after sign cleaning according to the sheeting manufac- turer’s recommendations.

Natural causes include effects of exposure to weather. Natural causes exclude (without limitation) damage from exposure to chemicals, abrasion and other mechanical damage from fasteners used to mount the sign, collisions or mishandling. For screen printed transparent colored areas on white sheeting, the coefficients of retroreflection shall maintain the ratios required for new sheeting.

process inks, clears and thinners recommended for the sheeting to meet the performance requirements of this Specification, and shall further be responsible for technical assistance in the use of these inks in accordance with this Specification.

surface protection or for use in packaging, storage or shipping finished signs, shall be furnished in rolls by the manufacturer at no additional charge, in at least equal dimension (square meters) and in the same sizes as the sheeting supplied.

surface from damage by bolts or other fasteners, shall be furnished by the manufacturer at no additional charge.

the fabrication date so that the start of the warranty period can be determined. M.16.02.6 Testing Procedures.

samples and specimens shall be conditioned at the standard conditions of 23± 3 OC (73± 3OF) and 50±5 percent relative humidity for 24 hours prior to testing.

using test panels, the specimens of retroreflectiv e material shall be applied to smooth aluminum cut from ASTM B209 Alloy 5052-H36, 5052-H38, 5154-H38 or 6061-T6 sheets in 0.05 cm (0.020 inch),

Μ−830.10 cm (0.040 inch) or 0.16 cm (0.063 inch) thickness. The aluminum shall be degreased and lightly acid etched before the specimens are applied. The specimens shall be applied to the panels in accordance with the recommendations of the retroreflective sheeting manufacturer.

accordance with Instrumental Photometric Measurements of Retroreflective Materials and Retroreflective Devices, Federal Test Method Standard 370. Test will be conducted at 50 feet with 1-inch source and 1-inch receiver on 12-inch square test specimen. Observation and entrance angles shall be in the same plane. Rotate specimen to orientation angles recommended by the manufacturer. The presentation angle is zero. The SIA of the sheeting when totally wet, shall not be less than 90 percent of the dry values in Tables 1, 2, 4 and 7. Wet performance measurements shall be made on new sheeting in accordance with the standard rainfall test specified in Section 7.10.1 of AASHTO M268.

of AASHTO M268.

requirements of AASHTO M268 except that t he specimens shall be prepared and subjected to accelerated weathering as specified above.

specified by the Engineer, fungus resistance shall be determined as specified herein. After inoculation with the test organism, Aspergillus niger, and incubation for 14 days, the reflective material shall show no appreciable formation of fungus growth. Any formation of fungus growth shall be non-injurious to the reflective material and shall be removable by wiping with a soft cloth. After completion of the incubation and after being wiped clean, the reflective material shall retain the full SIA values as specified in Tables 1, 2, 4 and 7.

No. 6275. (This organism may be obtained upon request from the American Type Culture Collec-tion (ATCC), 12301 Parklawn Drive, Rockville, Mary land 20852, or Mycology Laboratory, PRL, U.S. Army Natick Laboratories, Natick, Massachusetts 01760.) Cultures of this organism shall be carefully maintained on a potato-dextrose agar medi um and promptly renewed if there is evidence of contamination. The stock cultures may be kept for not more than 4 months in a refrigerator at a temperature from 37.4 OF to 50OF (3OC to 10OC). Subcultures incubated at 82.4OF to 86OF (28OC to 30OC) for 10 to 14 days shall be used in preparing the inoculum.

NaNO 3 - 3.0 grams K2HPO 4 - 1.0 grams MgSO 47H2O - 0.5 grams KCI - 0.25 grams Agar -15.0 grams Distilled water to make 1,000 ml.

Μ−84 The pH shall be 5.5 to 6.5: if otherwise, adjust to that range with HCL or NaOH. After mixing, the ingredients shall be sterilized by autoclaving for 15 minutes at 15 psi (1.05 kg-cm2) at 248oF (120oC).

Under sterile conditions, the medium shall be poured into 6, 150 mm by 20 mm petri dishes, about 65 ml per dish, and allowed to harden.

nontoxic wetting agent to a subculture (10 to 14 days old) of the test organism in a ripe, fruiting condition. The spores shall be forced into suspension with a sterile camel's hair brush (or other suitable means) and diluted to 100 ml with sterile, distilled water.

sample and apply to test panels with the reflective surface up. Completely immerse the test specimens in a leaching tank of continuously flowing water for 24 hours and then remove and dry. The leaching tank shall be large enough to hold an amount of water weighing not less than 50 times the weight of the specimens. The water entering the tank shall not fall directly on the specimens and shall flow at a rate of 5 to 10 liters per hour. The pH of the water shall be in the range of 6.0 to 8.0.

few seconds, rinse in distilled water, and place firmly on the surface of the solidified agar medium contained in the petri dishes. Place specimens wi th the reflective surface facing up, one specimen to each dish. With a sterile pipette, distribute 1.0 to 1.5 ml of inoculum over the surface of each specimen and the surrounding medium.

84.2 OF to 89.6OF (29OC to 32OC) and 85 to 90 percent relative humidity.

specimens of the reflective material to check the viability of the inoculum. At the end of the incubation period, the controls should be covered with fungus growth.

visually for fungus growth. Wipe the specimens with a soft cloth wet with a 70 percent ethanol solution. Condition the specimens at standard conditions for 48 hours. Test the specimens in accordance with Para. c of this Subsection, and when finished, attempt to remove specimen from the test panel. M.16.02.7 Intended Use. The reflective sheeting specified herein is intended for use on surfaces of highway signs to assure their optimum visi bility by day and at night when exposed to a light source and whether dry or totally wet by rain. Purchasers should select colors and preferred options permitted herein and specify the type of adhesive backing: Class 1, precoated pressure sensitive adhesive; or Class 2, heat activated adhesive as required.

Μ−85M.16.03 CUTOUT LETTERS, SYMBOLS AND ACCESSORIES.

M.16.03.1 Description. Cutout letters, digits, and alphabet accessories shall be fabricated in either of the following manners:

integral part of the character, or otherwise securely affixed to prevent their displacement in handling or service. Letters in which reflectors are assembled by means of tape are unacceptable.

backing. The reflective sheeting shall conform to the applicable provisions for Type IIIA silver sheeting as specified in Subsection M.16.02; Reflective Sheeting. M.16.03.2 Detailed Specifications.

the Federal Standard Alphabet Series "D" and "E" modified to accommodate t he required reflectors.

All items shall be fabricated from .040-inch sheet aluminum.

Mounting holes shall be provided within the frames to permit the use of screws, rivets, or other common fasteners. The size and spacing of reflector holes shall be such as to afford maximum night legibility and visibility to the finished cutout figure.

shall be degreased, etched, neutralized, and chemically treated before being finished in an approved baking white enamel.

herein referred to as the lens, and an opaque back fused to the lens under heat and pressure around the entire perimeter to form a unit perm anently sealed against dust, water and water vapor. The reflector lens shall be colorless, yellow, red or green. The lens shall consist of a smooth front surface free from projection or indentations other than for identification, and a rear surface bearing a prismatic configuration such that it will effect total internal reflection of light. The manufacturer's trademark shall be molded legibly into the face of the lens. The reflector lens shall be methyl methacrylate meeting requirements of Federal Specification L-M-500a, Type I, Class 3.

Reflective Sheeting. Letter design shall conform to Bureau of Public Roads standards for use on National System of Interstate and Defense Highways. Characters shall be a minimum of .032-inch thick aluminum sheets of 3003 H14 alloy. Aluminum shall be properly treated according to sheeting manufacturer.

Μ−86 M.16.04 SIGN SUPPORTS AND STRUCTURES.

M.16.04.1 General. Signs, sign panel supporting frames and overhead sign support structures, including anchor bolts and foundations, shall confor m to the latest edition of the AASHTO Standard Specifications for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires and Traffic Signals. Steel poles, posts, channel posts, U-channels or other required shapes shall be galvanized and otherwise conform to the Plans and applicable Sections of these Specifications. Anchor bolts shall be hot-rolled steel conforming to ASTM A325 or a substitute approved in advance by the Engineer. Anchor bolts shall be of the proper size and length to develop proper bond in transferring loads to concrete foundations and possess a minimum yield strength of 50,000 psi. M.16.04.2 Design of Overhead Sign Structures . Prior to fabrication, the Contractor shall furnish in triplicate, computations containing the design stresses and allowable stresses for each complete structure. All plans and computations shall bear the seal of a Rhode Island Registered Professional Engineer. Cantilever sign supports shall consist of dual arms with a minimum 0.14 inch per foot taper on the arms. Columns may either be tapered on non-tapered members. All overhead span sign structures shall consist of a single horizontal steel member supported by steel columns at either side. The columns and horizontal members may be either tapered or non-tapered. Cantilever sign structures on interstate or limited access highways must comply with fatigue Category I requirements, including galloping, vort ex shedding (if applicable), natural wind gusts and truck induced gusts. The truck induced loading will be based on 65 mph velocity. Cantilever sign structures on other roadways must comply with fatigue Category II requirements of the AASHTO Standards, including ga lloping, vortex shedding (if applicable), natural wind gusts and truck induced gusts. The truck induced loading will be based on 30 mph velocity. The basic wind speed used in the determination of the design wind pressure shall be 130 mph. Structural components and their connections shall be designed to resist the worst-case fatigue loading, upon evaluation of all applicable cases acting separately. The design of anchor bolts shall result in a ductile steel failure prior to any sudden brittle failure of concrete. When the clearance between the bottom of the leveling nuts and the top of the concrete is equal to or greater than one bolt diameter, bending stresses in the anchor bolts shall be considered in the design. Use of grout under base plates shall generally not be permitted. If specific conditions warrant its use, the grout shall be considered non-load bearing. Loads shall be directly supported by the anchor bolts.

Μ−87The following notes shall be included on all plans and/or shop drawings in reference to anchor bolts:

Pretensioning of all anchor nuts is required, and shall be accom-plished by tightening to 1/6 th turn beyond the snug-tight position.

The maximum clearance between the bottom of the leveling nuts and the top of the concrete is critical and shall not exceed the amount specified on these drawings.

Vibration mitigation devices will not be allowed. M.16.04.3 Overhead Sign Structures - Steel. Pipes for end support columns, cantilever arms and horizontal span members shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A53, Grade B. Stainless steel plates shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A240, Type 304.

Base plates and attached stiffener plates shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A588.

All other elements except bolts and nuts shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A36.

After complete fabrication, each of the fabricated steel sections of all sign supports shall be hot-dip galvanized in accordance with the requirements of ASTM A123. High strength bolts, nuts, and washers shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A325, and shall be hot-dip galvanized in accordance with the requirements of ASTM A153, Class C. Headed cast-in-place anchor bolts shall be used in lieu of hooked anchor bolts.

All nuts for high strength bolted connections including nuts for anchor bolts shall be "prevailing torque-reusable type" locking nuts. All U-bolts shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A36 and shall be hot-dip galvanized in accordance with the requirements of ASTM A153. Stainless steel bolts shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A193, Grade B8, and shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A194, Grade 8. Stainless steel lock washers shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A167, Type 302. M.16.04.4 Ground Mounted - Breakaway. All materials utilized for foundations, sign supports, hardware, and attachments shall conform to the breakaway design indicated on the Plans. Founda-tions shall be constructed of Class A(AE) concrete, and reinforcing steel shall conform to the requirements of Subsection M.05.01 of these Specifications. M.16.04.5 Directional, Regulatory, and Warning Sign Mountings.

yellow pine, Grade No. 2 or better, dressed on four sides and shall be treated with chromated copper arsenate Type C in accordance with AASHTO M133-86, prior to the mounting of the sign to

Μ−88 the post. Mounting hardware shall be of the theft resistant type as indicated on the Department's Approved Materials List.

tubing with bracing, anchorage and breakaway supports as shown on the Plans.

pounds per foot as shown on the Plans. U-channels shall be galvanized in accordance with ASTM A123. M.16.04.6 Street Sign Posts and Brackets.

outside diameter of 2_ -inches with a wall thickness of 0.64-inch and a minimum weight of 1.64 pounds per foot. All steel posts shall be galvanized in accordance with ASTM A153 and be free of slivers, cracks, burrs and other manufacture imperfections.

Top) bracket and a Sign to Sign (Cross) bracket. The brackets shall be of the appropriate design and size for mounting extruded aluminum street name sign blades with a .091 minimum gauge and of lengths up to 48 inches and 9 inches in height. They shall be die-cast of high strength aluminum alloy #380 with tensile strength of 49,000 psi. The brackets shall be free of holes, pits or flaws and shall not be larger than the inside diameter of the base of the post top bracket to insure proper fit. Where two sign blades are used, the two slots of the cross brackets shall be such that the signs are 90 degrees to each other. Street name sign brackets to be mounted on traffic signal poles shall consist of either one die-cast aluminum cantilever type L-bracket or one die-cast aluminum wing type bracket. A minimum of two stainless steel straps shall be us ed to hold each type bracket. All brackets shall be free of pits or flaws and other manufacture imperfections. Bolts for bolt through slots shall be a 5/18"-18 x ½" 12-point splint head bolt to lock the blade in the bracket. M.16.04.7 Parking Sign, Mile Marker, and Delineator Posts.

from steel conforming to ASTM A499-64 and galvani zed in accordance with ASTM A123. The post shall have a minimum weight of 3 pounds per foot and shall contain 3/8-inch mounting holes spaced 1 inch on center for a minimum length of 5 feet from the top of the post.

Parking Sign Posts (Para. a, above), except that mounting holes need only be included for a length of 2'-6" from the top of post.

steel conforming to ASTM A4990-74 and galvanized in accordance with ASTM A123-73. The post shall have a minimum weight of 1.12 pounds per foot and contain 3/8-inch diameter holes for mounting spaced at 1 inch on center for a minimum length of 2'- 6" from the top of the post.

Μ−89M.16.05 REVIEW AND APPROVAL OF MATERIALS USED IN TRAFFIC SIGN CONSTRUC- TION. M.16.05.1. Requirements. The Contractor will be required to submit, prior to award of the Contract, the source of all items intended to be supplied for this Contract. The Contractor is responsible for obtaining approval of each of these items and he shall request this approval, in writing, from the Engineer. Wherever, in the Special Provisions or on the Plans, a particular manufacturer's product (Proprietary Item) is specified or indicated, it shall be understood that this represents the standard required, but that a similar product of another m anufacturer may be considered as a substitute and approved as an "equal." Should the Contractor desire to use a product which is considered equal to a proprietary item, he shall submit a complete description of the item, together with seven copies of shop drawings, catalog cuts, and/or other descrip tive literature which woul d completely illustrate such items presented for formal approval. This approval does not change the requirements for a Certified Test Report and/or Materials Certificate; and a Certificate of Compliance as called for elsewhere. The requirements for a Certified Test Report and/or Materials Certificate; and a Certificate of Compliance for each of the individual items set forth in the Special Provisions are contained below. The Contractor shall make available and supply these documents to the Engineer, in the following manner:

Those materials requiring a Certified Test Report shall have said documents forwarded to the Engineer. Provisional acceptance must be obtained on these documents before the material is incorporated in the project. Final acceptance will be granted upon submission of a Certificate of Compliance after installation of the material. Those materials requiring a Materials Certificate shall have said documents forwarded to the Engineer. Provisional acceptance must be obtained on these documents before the material is incorporated in the project. Final acceptance will be granted upon submission of a Certificate of Compliance after installation of the material. The Contractor shall supply these documents to the Engineer wherever required by the Special Provisions, relating to a particular item. The method of processing for approval all items other than those described herein shall be established by the Engineer. M.16.05.2 Certified Test Report. A Certified Test Report is a document containing a list of the chemical, metallurgical, electrical, and/or physical results obtained from an actual test of the materials involved and shall attest to the fact that the Specifications are adhered to. The following information will also be required:

number, etc.

Μ−90 The Certified Test Report shall be signed by an authorized and responsible agent for the organization manufacturing the material and it shall be notarized. M.16.05.3 Materials Certificate. A Materials Certificate is a document certifying that the materials, components, and equipment furnished, conform to all requirements of the Plans and/or Special Provisions. Appurtenances, such as miscellaneous hardware, may be covered in total by a single entry. The document shall also include the following:

The Materials Certificate shall be signed by an authorized and responsible agent for the organization supplying the material, and it shall be notarized. M.16.05.4 Certificate of Compliance. A Certificate of Compliance is a document certifying that the materials, components and/or equipment covered by the previously submitted Certified Test Report and/or Materials Certificate have been installed in the work and that they conform to all the requirements of the Plans and or Special Provisions. Appurtenances, such as miscellaneous hardware, may be covered in total by a single entry. The following information shall also be required on the document:

The Certificate of Compliance shall be signed by an authorized and responsible agent for the Prime Contractor, and shall be notarized. M.16.05.5 Items Requiring a Certified Test Report and/or Materials Certificate; and a Certificate of Compliance. For the following items, a Certified Test Report and a Certificate of Compliance will be required confirming their conformance to the requirements set forth in these Specifications, Special Provisions and/or Plans. Should the consignee noted on a Certified Test Report be other than the Prime Contractor, then Materials Certificates shall be required to identify the shipment.

Μ−91SECTION M.17

PAVEMENT MARKINGS

M.17.01 GLASS BEADS - DUAL GRADATION. M.17.01.1 Scope. This Specification covers the requirements for glass beads which are to be dropped onto white and yellow pavement marking material to produce a highly weather and-wear resistant reflectorized traffic marking.

M.17.01.2 Detailed Requirements.

spherically shaped, free of milkiness, pits, or excessive air bubbles, manufactured with virgin or recycled glass cullet, meet AASHTO M247 , and conform to the following specific requirements:

the binder. They shall show no tendency to absorb moisture in storage and shall remain free of clusters and hard lumps.

and lot numbers shall be stamped onto each. Each lot shall be tested for gradation, rounds and coating and a Certificate of Compliance stating such will accompany each lot.

tested in accordance with ASTM D1214: Type I Type II Sieve Size Percent Passing Sieve Size Percent Passing 10 100 20 95-100 12 95-100 30 80-95 14 80-95 50 9-42 16 10-40 80 0-10 18 0-5 -- ---- 20 0-2 -- ----

for the two highest sieve quantities for Types I and II, and no more than 3 percent angular particles per screen for the Type I gradation. The remaining fractions shall typically be no less than 75 percent rounds as tested according to ASTM D1155, Procedure A.

bag shall be marked with the name and address of the manufacturer, the name and net weight of the material, batch or lot number, and shall include a certified test report stating that they meet the above test requirements.

Μ−92 100 ppm of Lead, and/or 100 ppm of Antimony when determined by EPA Methods 6010B and 3052.

M.17.02 WATERBORNE PAVEMENT MARKINGS. The paint shall be formulated and processed specifically for service as a binder for beads in such a manner as to produce maximum adhesion, refraction, and reflection. The paint shall be well mixed in the manufacturing process and shall be free from defects and imperfections that may adversely affect the serviceability of the finished product. The paint shall not liver, thicken, curdle, gel, settle excessively, or otherwise display any objectionable properties after periods of storage of at least six months and, at any time during such periods, shall be mixed manually as necessary to produce a smooth, uniform consistency throughout. The paint shall dry on a road surface to an adherent film that will provide proper anchorage and reflection for the finished glass beads when applied as specified. It shall be easily and uniformly applicable with mechanical line-marking equipment and shall have excellent covering properties. The paint shall be suitable for binding glass beads so as to produce a highly weather and wear resistant traffic line.

as long as the finished product meets the following requirements:

D3960).

yellow (ASTM D1475).

OF (ASTM D562).

good opacity and visibility under both daylight and artifi cial light, and shall match Chip No. 37886 of Federal Standard 595. For yellow, the color shall closely match Chip No. 33538 of this particular standard.

Μ−93c. Dry Opacity. The paint shall have a minimum contrast ratio of 0.92 when tested according to ASTM D2244 at a wet film thickness of 5 mils (Federal Test No. 141).

accordance with ASTM D868.

white and not less than 50 percent for yellow (relative to Magnesium Oxide) when measured in accordance with Federal Test Method No. 141.

ASTM D2486.

percent when tested in accordance with ASTM D2243.

no-tracking condition shall be determined by actual application on the pavement at a wet film thickness of 15 mils. The line for the test shall be applied with equipment so as to have the paint at the temperature of 120-140 OF at the spray gun. This maximum drying time shall not be exceeded when pavement temperature is 45-120OF, and under humidity conditions of 85 percent or less providing that the pavement is dry. M.17.03 THERMOPLASTIC PAVEMENT MARKINGS. M.17.03.1 Physical Properties.

OF under agitation and cooled to 77OF shall meet the following:

White: Daylight reflectance at 45O to 0O ... 75 percent minimum

Yellow: Daylight reflectance at 45O to 0O ... 45 percent minimum and shall match Color Chip No. 13538 of the Federal Standard Specification 595a.

inch to 3/16-inch, the material shall set to bear traffic without tracking or deformation in not more than two minutes when the air temperature is 15 OF and not more than ten minutes when the air temperature is 90OF.

agitation, the bond strength to Portland cement concrete shall exceed 180 psi.

material for four hours at 425 OF under agitation, applied and cooled to 15OF ±3OF shall show no cracks.

OF under agitation and tested, the impact resistance shall be a minimum of 10 inch-pounds.

Μ−94

agitation and tested in accordance with ASTM D36, the materials shall have a softening point of 190OF to 230OF.

agitation and tested for flowability, the percent residue shall not exceed 18 for white thermo-plastic and 21 for yellow. The temperature-viscosity characteristics shall remain constant throughout repeated reheatings to application temperature and shall show like characteristics from batch to batch. The color shall not change after repeated heatings nor shall it change from batch to batch. Any yellowing or off color shall be cause for rejection of the batch.

index of 0.12.

with Section 1.2.10 of AASHTO T250, the materials shall conform with the following:

Flowability, percent residue maximum 28.

OF when tested in accordance with ASTM D92.

of one year. The thermoplastic must also melt uniformly with no evidence of skins or unmelted particles for this one-year time period. Any material not meeting the above requirements shall be replaced by the Contractor.

exceed 2.20.

striping materials sampled and tested shall not be less than 3,000 pounds unless the total order is less than this amount. Any manufacturer not familiar with the technique of making this material should consult the purchaser. A small trial batch should be made prior to making the thermoplastic traffic line in large quantities to make certain the finished product will comply with all the requirements of this Specification. The material shall be tested in accordance with the appropriate method in Federal Test Method Standard No. 141 appropriate ASTM or AASHTO designation.

The material shall not exude fumes which are toxic, obnoxious or injurious to persons or property when it is heated during application. M.17.03.2 White Thermoplastic Composition.

material shall be free from all skin, dirt and foreign objects and shall comply with requirements according to Table I.

Μ−95 Table I - Composition Component White

Binder (alkyd type maleic modified 20.0% Min. glycerol ester of resin) Glass Beads 30.0% Min. Titanium Dioxide (ASTM D476, Type II) 10.0% Min. Calcium Carbonate (96% Min. passing 230 sieve) and 40.0% Max. Inert Fillers (shall not contain silica other than as glass spheres)

determined on a sample of composition from which the binder is extracted by means of a suitable neutral organic solvent, the solvent then being evaporated to obtain a substantially dry sample of binder. Acid values shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D1639. M.17.03.3 Yellow Thermoplastic Composition. The pigment, beads and filler shall be uniformly dispersed in the resin. The material shall be free from all skins, dirt and foreign objects and shall comply with requirements according to Table II.

Table II - Composition

Yellow Component Organic Lead-Free Pigment

Binder (alkyd type maleic 20.0% Min. modified glycol ester of resin)

Glass Beads 30.0% Min.

Yellow Pigment 2.0% Min.

Calcium Carbonate (96% min. 48.0% Max. passing #230 sieve and Inert Fillers (shall not contain silica other than as glass spheres) M.17.03.4 Primer/Sealer. The primer/sealer shall be used in conjunction with the thermoplastic line striping material on all concrete surfaces, or may be used on older bituminous concrete surfaces (over 6 months old) if deemed necessary by the Engineer. The primer/sealer used shall be recommended by the thermoplastic manufacturer and shall be applied according to the manufacturer's recommended procedures. The primer/sealer shall be on the Department's Approved Materials List.

M.17.03.5 Packaging and Labeling Requirements. The thermoplastic traffic line material shall be packaged in suitable containers to which it will not adhere during packaging, shipment or

Μ−96 storage. The packages shall consist of wax lined ca rdboard cartons appr oximately 14" x 28" x 2" in size and weigh approximately 50 pounds.

Each container label shall des ignate the color, manufacturer's name, batch number and date of manufacture. Each batch manufactured shall have its own separate number. The label shall warn the user that the material shall be heated in the range of 400OF - 425OF during application.

The Contractor shall assume all costs arising from the use of the patented materials, equipment, devices, or processes and save harmless the purchaser and its duly authorized representatives from all suits at law or action of every nature for, or on account of the use of any patented materials, equipment, devices, or processes. M.17.04 EPOXY RESIN PAVEMENT MARKINGS. M.17.04.1 Physical Properties.

designed to provide a simple volumetric mixing ratio (e.g., 2-part component A to 1 part component B) specifically for service as a hot-spray applied binder for glass beads in such a manner as to produce maximum adhesion, refraction, and reflection. The material shall be composed of epoxy resins and pigments only and meet the following minimum requirements:

from tint, furnishing good opacity and visibility under both daylight and artificial light, and shall match Chip No. 17875 of Federal Standard 595. Yellow - the color (after drying at the specified thickness) shall match Chip No. 13538 of Federal Standard 595. The paint shall be well mixed in the manufacturing process and shall be free from defects and imperfections that may adversely affect the serviceability of the finished product. The paint shall not liver, thicken, curdle, gel, settle excessively, or otherwise display any objectionable properties after storage. Individual components sha ll not require mixing prio r to use when stored for a maximum of twelve months.

manufacturer, but shall meet the following requirements.

White: Titanium Dioxide 20 ±2 percent, by weight ASTM D476 Type II/III Epoxy Resin 80 ±2 percent, by weight

Yellow (lead-free): Titanium Dioxide 15 ±3 percent, by weight ASTM D476 Type II/III Epoxy Resin 73 - 82 percent, by weight Organic Yellow 6 – 9 percent, by weight

accordance with ASTM D1652 and calculated as the weight per epoxide equivalent (WPE) for both white and yellow.

Μ−97The epoxy content will be determined by a pigment free basis. The WPE shall meet a target value provided by the manufacturer within a tolerance of ±50.

ASTM D2074 to determine its total amine value. The total amine value shall meet a target value provided by the manufacturer within a tolerance of ±50. The manufacturer may specify an alternate test method for determining the amine value subject to the approval of the Engineer.

which are toxic or injurious to persons or property. A certification stating such is required to be submitted to the Engineer.

tested with a CS-17 wheel under a load of 1,000 grams for 1,000 cycles, the wear index shall be no greater than 82.

less than 75 nor more than 100 after the material has been conditioned for not less than 72 hours nor more than 96 hours at 23 O ±2OC.

than 6,000 psi after 72 hours of conditioning at 23O ±2OC.

not be less than 12,000 psi after 72 hours of conditioning at 23O ±2OC.

Part B (and of that mixed to the proper ratio) shall be analyzed by infrared spectrography. The spectrum of each component and final product shall be a reasonable match to the spectrum of the original formulation submitted by the manufacturer.

glass spheres) shall be not less than 84 percent for white and not less than 50 percent for yellow (relative to Magnesium Oxide).

proper ratio and applied to a uniform wet film thickness of 20 mils and immediately dressed with glass beads at the proper rate, shall exhibit a no-tracking drying condition in not more than 30 minutes at 72 OF.

condition where no visual displacement of the epoxy resin striping material is observed when a passenger car has passed over the stripe or handwork when viewed at a distance of 50 feet and shall be a maximum of 30 minutes at 70 OF. M.17.04.2 Certification . The manufacturer shall furnish a certified test report by an independent testing laboratory prior to the start of the work indicating that the material as specified has been tested in accordance with the above procedures and that the results comply with the above requirements. A Material Safety Data Sheet is also required.

Μ−98

components to the Engineer for use as a baseline test batch. These samples shall be in sealed quart can containers; contain a minimum of 24 fluid ounces; contain all relevant manufacturing information; identification of proposed Rhode Isl and Contract numbers; infrared spectrophotometer information; and sent to: Rhode Island Department of Transportation Materials Section - Central Laboratory State Office Building 2 Capitol Hill Providence, RI 02903

batch delivered for application at the project site. Reports shall reference batch number and physical characteristics outlined above. Application shall not commence until the proposed epoxy materials are verified by submitting this Certificate to the Engineer. M.17.04.3 Packaging . The epoxy materials shall be shipped in appropriate, durable, and substantial containers. Individual containers shall be plainly marked with the following information: manufacturer’s name and address; name of product; lot number; batch number; color; net weight and volume of contents; date of manufacture; date of expiration; statement of content (i.e., Part A - contains pigment and epoxy resin; Part B - contains catalyst); mixing proportions, application temperatures and instructions; and safety information.

SECTION M.18 LANDSCAPING MATERIALS M.18.01 LOAM. The material to be furnished shall consist of screened loose, friable, fine sandy loam or sandy loam, as defined by the USDA’s So il Conservation Service in the Soil Survey Manual issued in 1993, free of subsoil, refuse, stumps, r oots, rocks, cobbles, stones , brush, noxious weeds, litter and other materials which are larger than ½-inch in any dimension and which will prevent the formation of a suitable seed bed. Organic matter shall constitute not less than 5 percent nor more than 20 percent of the loam as determined by loss-on-ignition of oven dried samples that have been drawn by the Engineer, unless otherwise specified or directed. The loam shall have an acidity range of 5.5 pH to 7.6 pH. The Contractor shall notify the Department of the intended source of loam to be employed at least two weeks prior to the intended time of use to allow time for sampling.

Loam shall conform to all applicable specificatio n requirements prior to its final placement on the project. The practice of culling deleterious or out of specification material after placement and/or grading in-place will not be allowed.

M.18.02 PLANTABLE SOIL. The material to be furnished shall c onsist of loose, friable topsoil free of refuse, brush, stumps, roots, rocks, cobbles, stones, noxious weeds, litter, and other materials which are longer than 1 inch in any dimension and which will prevent the formation of a suitable seed bed. Organic matter shall constitute not less than 4 percent nor more than 20 percent of the Plantable Soil as determined by loss-on-ignition of oven dried samples that have been drawn by the

Μ−99Engineer, unless otherwise specified or directed. The Plantable Soil shall have an acidity range of approximately 5.5 pH to 7.5 pH. The composition of Plantable Soil can also be arrived at by thoroughly mixing a suitable organic soil with a suitable subsoil. The resulting mix shall be a homogeneous material free from hard lumps, other materials specified above and be capable of supporting plant growth. This soil mixture must meet the above specified requirements for organic matter content and pH. The Contractor shall notify the Department of the intended source of Plantable Soil to be employed at least two weeks prior to the intended time of use to allow for sampling. Plantable Soil shall conform to all applicable specification requirements prior to its final placement on the project. The practice of culling deleterious or out of specification material after placement and/or grading in-place will not be allowed.

M.18.03 COMPOST. The material shall be a well decomposed, stable, weed free organic matter source. It shall be derived from agricultural, food, and/or yard trimmings. The product shall contain no substances toxic to plants and shall be reasonably free (less than 1 percent by dry weight) of man-made foreign matter. The compost will po ssess no objectionable odors and shall not resemble the raw material from which it was derived. Compost shall have a pH between 5.5 pH and 8.0 pH and a moisture content between 35 percent and 55 percent. The particle size shall pass through a 1-inch screen or smaller. It must be stable to highly stable, pass growth screening and have a soluble salt concentration at 2.5 d s/m or less for soil blend. The compost must meet US EPA Part 503 exceptional quality concentration limits for trace elements/heavy metal. M.18.04 HIGH ORGANIC SOIL. The material to be furnished shall consist of a soil free of refuse, brush, stumps, roots, rocks, cobbles, stones, noxious weeds, litter, and other materials which are larger than 4 inches in the greatest dimension and which will prevent the formation of suitable seed bed. Organic matter shall constitute not less than 10 percent nor more than 25 percent of the High Organic Soil as determined by loss-on-ignition of oven dried samples that have been drawn by the Engineer, unless otherwise specified or directed. M.18.05 LIME. M.18.05.1 Ground Lime. Ground lime for all roadside horticultural purposes shall consist of a standard commercial product of ground dolomitic limes tone intended for agricultural use. It shall be fine ground dolomite such that, when "burned" by st andard lime producing methods, it shall yield at least 30 percent calcium oxide and 5 percent to 20 percent magnesium oxide for a total of 50 percent yielded from calcium and magnesium oxide. At least 40 percent but not more than 60 percent should pass through a 100-mesh screen, and all shall be able to pass a 20-mesh screen. M.18.05.2 Pelletized Lime. Pelletized lime for all roadside horticultural purposes shall consist of a standard commercial product of pelletized dolomitic limestone. The minimum calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) derived from magnesium sources shall be 48 percent.

Prior to pelletizing, 100 percent by weight shall pass through an 8-mesh screen, 90 percent through a 20-mesh screen, 65 percent through a 60-mesh screen and 50 percent through a 100-mesh screen.

Μ−100 M.18.06. FERTILIZER. M.18.06 .1 Commercial Fertilizer.

Fertilizer Laws. Deliver to the site in the original, unopened, standard size containers which shall show weight, analysis of the product, name of the manufacturer, and bear the manufacturer's Certificate of Compliance covering analysis.

by weight: 10 percent available Nitrogen (N) 10 percent available Phosphoric Acid (P) 10 percent available Potassium (K)

Significant quantities of trace elements such as iron, boron, etc. shall also be contained in the fertilizer. Fifty percent of available nitrogen sha ll be in a slow-release form as is found in certain urea-form products, or natural organic forms, or a combination of both. The salt index of the fertilizer shall not exceed 35. Unless otherwise specified, fertilizer meeting these requirements shall be applied at the rates set forth in SECTIONS L.02; SEEDING, L.03; SODDING, AND L.04; REFERTILIZATION OF SEEDED, SODDED, AND GRASSED AREAS , of these Specifications. M.18.06.2 Fertilizer for Trees, Shrubs, Vines, Perennials, Ornamental Grasses, Ground Covers, and Bulbs. Fertilizer shall contain the following percentages by weight:

10 percent available Nitrogen (N) 10 percent available Phosphoric Acid (P) 10 percent available Potassium (K)

Significant quantities of trace elements such as iron, boron, etc. shall also be contained in the fertilizer. Seventy-five percent of available nitrogen shall be in a slow-release form as is found in certain urea-form products or natural organic forms or a combination of both. The salt index of the fertilizer shall not exceed 35. Unless otherwise specified fertilizer meeting these requirements shall be applied at the following rates: Trees, Shrubs, Vines: 5 lbs. (of actual N) per 1,000 square feet.

Perennials, Ornamental Grass, Ground Covers: 2½ lbs. (of actual N) per 1,000 square feet.

Bulbs: ½ lb. (of actual N) per 1,000 square feet. M.18. 07 BONE MEAL. The material to be furnished shall consist of fine ground, steam-cooked, packing house bone with a minimum analysis of 23 percent phosphoric acid and 4 percent nitrogen.

Μ−101 M.18.08 MULCH. M.18.08.1 Cellulose Fiber. Cellulose fiber mulch shall be derived from natural, clean, whole woodchips. Fiber shall not be produced from recycled material such as sawdust, paper, or cardboard fiber and shall be dyed green to contrast with the soil on which it is to be applied. Fiber shall have a water holding capacity of not less than 31.5 ounces of water per 3.5 ounces of fiber. The rate of application for cellulose fiber mulch shall be in accordance with manufacture's guidelines and approved by the Engineer. M.18.08.2 Wood Chips. Wood chips for mulch shall be 1/8-inch nominal thickness with 75 percent of the chips having an area of not less than 1 square inch nor more than 6 square inches. Chips shall be free from leaves, twigs, shavings and bark and other foreign materials which are injurious to healthy plant growth. Wood chips shall be obtained only from green wood and may be from either hardwood or softwood sources. M.18.08.3 Pine Bark Mulch. Pine Bark Mulch shall be derived from evergreen tree bark aged a minimum of 6 months and no more than 18 months. The bark shall be shredded so that the resulting pieces are no more than 1/4-inch thick and no longer than 3 inches. The mulch shall be free of stringy material and shall not contain an excess of fine particles. The mulch shall be dark brown in color, free of leaves, twigs, sod, weeds, shavings, and other foreign materials which are injurious to healthy plant growth. M.18.08.4 Adhesive Mulch Stabilizer. Adhesive mulch stabilizer material shall be a powder or liquid chemical which when properly mixed, applied, and cured will create a water insoluble bio-degradable mesh. Prior to application, the manufac turer’s recommendations shall be submitted for approval. Adhesive mulch stabilizer shall be mixed according to manufacturer's directions, or as specified. M.18.09 SEED STABILIZER MATERIALS. M.18.09.1 Straw. Straw for mulch shall be mowings of acceptable herbaceous growth reasonably free from noxious weeds or woody stems and shall be reasonably dry. No salt hay, feed hay and/or construction hay shall be used. M.18.09.2 Erosion Control Netting. All erosion control netting material shall be new, clean, sound, free of rips and tears and shall be furnished in lengths of not less than 50 feet.

smolder resistant, natural single jute yarn, a minimum of 4 feet in width plus or minus 1 inch. There shall be 78 warp ends per width and 41 weft ends per yard. Weight shall average 1.22 pounds per linear yard, plus or minus 5 percent.

wood excelsior fiber with a backing of mulchnet fabric one side only. The mulchnet shall be woven of either twisted paper cord or cotton cord with mesh sizes not exceeding 1½-inches by 3 inches.

Μ−102 Excelsior matting shall be furnished in rolled strips of not over 150-foot average length and shall meet the following minimum requirements and as shown on the Plans.

Width: minimum 36 inches, plus or minus 1 inch.

Weight to average: 0.80 pound per square yard, with a tolerance of plus or minus 5 percent.

Staples shall be made from 12-inch lengths of No. 11 gauge steel wire bent to form a "U" of 1.5 to 2 inches in width. Longer staples may be required for loose soils. M.18.09.3 Erosion Control Blanket. The blanket shall be a nonwoven, natural, biodegradable wood fiber formed into a blanket. A photodegradable polypropylene netting shall be laminated to its surface. The blanket shall not contain growth inhibiting additives and sha ll be free of noxious weed seeds. The width shall be 40 inches or 80 inches, plus or minus 1 inch.

The weight shall average 0.50 pound per square yard, with a tolerance of plus or minus 10 percent. M.18.09.4 Staples for Seed Erosion Stabilizer Materials. Staples shall be made from 11 gauge steel; shall be 6 inches long; shall be used with jute mesh, excelsior matting, and erosion control blanket. M.18.10 SEED MIXTURES. M.18.10.1 General. All legume seed shall be inoculated within 24 hours before mixing and planting with the appropriate inoculum for each variety. All inocula shall be fresh and shall be used within the date limit prescribed by the manufacturer. Three times the normal amount of inoculant shall be required when the seed is to be treated in an approved hydroseeder. All seed delivered to the job shall be in containers labeled in accordance with provisions of the Rhode Island Seed Act of 1956 (Volume 8, Title 2, Chapter 6) and its amendments as provided for agricultural seed offered for sale. Only the current years seed shall be accepted. M.18.10.2 Park Mix. Percent Percent by Volume by Weight (Pure Live Seed) Creeping Red Fescue Improved varieties 70 78 Kentucky Bluegrass 15 68 Improved varieties Perennial Ryegrass 15 85 Improved varieties

Seeding rate: 150 lbs. per acre

Μ−103 M.18.10.3 Slope Mix. Percent Percent by Volume by Weight (Pure Live Seed) Creeping Red Fescue 60 85 Improved varieties Perennial Ryegrass 15 90 Improved varieties

Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculata) 15 78* Seeding rate: 150 lbs. per acre

* Includes up to 20% hardseed. M.18.10.4 Residential Seed Mix. Percent Percent by Volume by Weight (Pure Live Seed) Chewings Fescue 30 85 Improved varieties Kentucky Bluegrass 30 90 Improved varieties Perennial Ryegrass 40 90 Improved varieties

Seeding rate: 150 lbs. per acre M.18.10.5 Temporary Seed Mix. Percent Percent by Volume by Weight (Pure Live Seed)

Annual Ryegrass 40 85 Perennial Ryegrass 60 90 Seeding Rate: 75 lbs. per acre M.18.10.6 Native Seed Mix. Percent Percent by Volume by Weight (Pure Live Seed) Switch Grass/(Panicum virgatum) 20 75 Little Blue Stem/

Μ−104 (Andropogon Scoparius) 25 75

Perennial Ryegrass 25 90

Hard Fescue 30

Seeding Rate: 60 lbs. per acre

M.18.10.7 Wetlands Mix. The composition of a wetlands mix for a particular application will be set forth in the Contract by a Special Provision Code. M.18.10.8 Wildflower Seed Mix. Percent by Weight

Yarrow /(Achillea millefolium) 10

Oxeye Daisy/ (Chrysanthemum laucanthemum) 22

Lance-Leaved Coreopsis/ (Coreopsis lanceolata) 58

Black-Eyed Susan/(Rodbeckia Lirta) 10

Seeding Rate: 8 lbs. per acre Hard Fescue 20 lbs. per acre M.18.11 SOD. Sod shall be live, fresh and of suitable character for the purpose intended and for the soil on which it will be placed. Sods shall be at least 2 square feet in area and shall be thick enough to contain all natural roots without mutilati on. In no case will sods be permitted to be under 3/4-inch or over 1 inch thick, unless express written permission of the Engineer is procured. Sod stored longer than 36 hours will not be allowed under any circumstances. Sod shall have a minimum of the following:

70 percent Kentucky Bluegrass, improved variety, and 10 percent Red Fescue (Festuca rubra), improved variety.

Upon delivery to the job site, a certificate of compliance from the supplier (sod producer) stating that the sod meets the required specifications must be presented to the Engineer before any work is to commence. The certificate must also state the date which the sod was harvested. M.18.11.1 Wooden Pegs. Pegs shall be hard wood stakes. They shall be approximately 1 inch by 2 inches by 6 inches in length. The length shall be sufficient to penetrate from top of sod to at least 2 inches into subsoil.

Μ−105M.18.12 PLANT MATERIALS. All plant materials shall conform in size, grade and quality to the "AAN American Standard for Nursery Stock," as approved by the United States of America Standards Institute, in effect at the time of in vitation for bids; all scient ific and common plant names of the items specified shall conform with the edition of "Standardized Plant Names," as adopted by the American Joint Committee on Horticultural Nomenclature, in effect at the time of invitation for bids. All plant material shall be nursery grown, no collected material will be accepted. All plant material shall be free from all insects, pests, plant diseases, disfiguring knots, stubs, sunscald, abrasions or cuts of the bark or any other form of injury harmful to the health of the plant material or of objectionable disfigurement. All plant material shall comply with the State and Federal law with respect to inspection for plant diseases and insect infestations. M.18.13 PLANTING INCIDENTALS. M.18.13.1 Stakes. Stakes for tree supports shall be of a hardwood source, free of knots, insects and fungi. Stakes shall be of uniform size and shape and shall be a minimum of 2 inches square and be of a length sufficient enough to be driven into the ground 3 feet and have an above ground stake height of 8 inches above the point of attachm ent of the guy webbing. The bottom of the stake shall be pointed with a taper of no less than 4 inches. The type of stakes shall be uniform throughout the job. M.18.13.2 Guy Webbing. Guy webbing shall be a low abrasion, woven, fiber webbing with a break strength of 900 pounds or better. The width of the webbing shall be no less than 5/8-inch nor greater than 3/4-inch. The length shall be sufficient enough to be attached to the tree trunk and stake. M.18.13.3 Burlap. Burlap shall be jute burlap in 4-foot wide strips with a weight of approximately 8 ounces per square yard. The burlap shall be sound, dry, uncontaminated, free from rips, tears, and holes. M.18.13.4 Twine. Twine for securing burlap shall be 3-ply jute twine.

M.18.13.5 Tape. Tape for identifying guy webbing shall be bright yellow with a waterproof adhesive backing. It shall 1½-inches wide and shall be uniform throughout the job. M.18.13.6 Antidesiccant. Antidesiccant shall be an emulsion or other material which, when mixed with water, will provide a protective film over plant surfaces (leaf) which shall reduce or retard the loss of moisture through transpiration. Antidesiccant shall be delivered in containers clearly marked with the manufacturer's name and instructions. Antidesiccant shall be mixed and applied according to the manufacturer's guidelines. M.18.14 HERBICIDES. Herbicides shall be packaged in standard containers marked with the name of the material, the name of the manufacturer, the net quantity contained therein, and be in accordance with the provisions of the Federal and St ate Rules and Regulations in effect at the time of delivery to the job site.

Μ−106 M.18.14.1 Pre-Emergent Herbicide. Pre-emergent herbicide for application in mulch areas and for other uses shall be granular and have the active ingredient "Trifluralin 5.0%.” All application rates and product use shall be in accordance with manufacturer's guidelines. M.18.14.2 Nonselective Herbicide. Nonselective herbicide shall have the active ingredient "Glyphosate, N-(Phosphonometyl) Glycine" and be 41 percent by volume. All application rates and product use shall be in accordance with manufacturer's guidelines. M.18.15 PLANT PROTECTION DEVICES. M.18.15.1 General. All materials become the property of the Contractor after removal. M.18.15.2 Tree Protection. Wood framing shall consist of nominal lumber 6 feet in length, the width and thickness shall vary from 2" x 2" to 2" x 6", depending on trunk diameter or as directed by the Engineer. Binding material shall consist of a single strand 9-gauge wire. M.18.15.3 Shrub and Drip-Line Protection. Fencing shall consist of standard snow fencing. The Contractor shall utilize steel poles a minimum of 6 feet in length to stabilize and support the fencing. M.18.16 WATER FOR LANDSCAPE USE. All water shall be obtained from clean, fresh water sources and shall be free from injurious chemicals and other toxic substances harmful to plant life. No water which is brackish will be permitted at any time. The Contractor shall identify, to the Engineer all sources of water at least 2 weeks prior to use. The Engineer, at his discretion, may take samples of the water at the source or from the tank at any time, and have a laboratory test the samples for chemical and saline content. The Contractor shall not use any water from any source which is disapproved by the Engineer following such tests. M.18.17 PAVERS. M.18.17.1 Concrete Pavers. Concrete Pavers (interlocking or brick like) shall conform to ASTM C936; "Standard Specifications for Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units.” The average compressive strength of concrete after 28 days shall not be less than 8,000 psi. Concrete Pavers shall not have a water absorption rate greater than 5 percent when tested in accordance with ASTM C140 and shall withstand, without cracking or showing any sign of damage, freeze-thaw test in accordance with ASTM C67, Section 8, Method A, 50 cycles.

Individual materials used to manufacture concrete pavers shall conform to the following:

plasticizers and densifying agents established as suitable for use in concrete.

Concrete Pavers shall have a size of 4" x 9" x 2 _" or 4" x 9" x 3- 3/16" (nominal size for interlocking pavers) and 4" x 8" x 2 _" or 4" x 8" x 3- 3/16" (nominal size for brick like pavers).

Μ−107M.18.17.2 Brick Pavers. Brick Pavers shall conform to ASTM C216, Grade SW, Type FBS. The size and trueness of shape shall be governed by ASTM C216, Table VI and VIII for Type FBS. The approximate size of the Brick Paver shall be 4" x 8¼" x 2¾”. M.18.17.3 Granite Pavers. Cut Granite Pavers shall conform to ASTM C615 and shall be free of cracks, starts and seams. Cut Granite Pavers shall not have a water absorption rate greater than 4 percent when tested in accordance with ASTM C97. The density of the Cut Granite Pavers shall be 160 pounds per cubic foot and shall have a minimum compressive strength of 19,000 psi. The Modules of Rupture of the Cut Granite Paver shall be a minimum of 1,500 psi in accordance with ASTM C99. Cut Granite Pavers shall have a nominal size of 4" x 8" x 4" or as specified on the Plans. The tolerance of face sizes shall be plus or minus 1/8-inch. Cut Granite Pavers shall have all side and top surfaces sawn, the bottom may be sawn or split. All angles shall be square and true and equal to 90 degrees. The top surface (face) shall be flame finished or as specified on the Plans. The color shall be light gray or as specified on the Plans. M.18.17.4 Granite Cobble Pavers. Granite Cobble Pavers shall conform to ASTM C615 and shall be free of cracks, starts and seams. Granite Cobble Pavers shall be uniform in size and shape or shall be as specified on the Plans. M.18.18 LANDSCAPE FILTER FABRIC. The material to be furnished shall be nonbiodegradable, nonwoven, 100 percent polypropylene fabric. The color shall be black. The fabric shall conform to the following minimum specifications: Properties Value

Grab Tensile Strength (lbs.) 110 ASTM D1682

Grab Elongation (90) 65 ASTM D1682

Trapezoid Tear Strength (lbs.) 50 ASTM D2263

Mullen Burst Strength (psi) 250 ASTM D3786

Puncture Strength (lbs.) 70 ASTM D751

Coefficient of Permeability (cm/sec) 0.10 - 0.30

Equivalent Opening Size US Std. Sieve 70 - 100

Μ−108 M.18.19 STONE FINE SETTING BED AND JOINTING MATERIAL. The material to be furnished shall be sharp, washed concrete sand. The material shall not contain more than 3 percent silt and shall be free from deleterious soluble salts. The gradation shall meet the requirements of the following range: Sieve Size Percentage Passing

3/8" 100 No. 4 95 - 100 No. 8 70 - 100 No. 18 50 - 85 No. 30 25 - 60 No. 50 10 - 30 No. 100 5 - 20 No. 200 0 - 10

SECTION M.19

ANTI-GRAFFITI SYSTEMS

M.19.01 Approved Products. The anti-graffiti protective coating system shall be one of two types, sacrificial or non-sacrificial, as defined in the contract documents. The system may be applied to any construction material surface, but shall only be applied to substrates for which they are formulated. The system provided shall be on t he RIDOT Approved Products List and as approved by the Department for the application. M.19.02 Non Approved Products Submitted for Approval. Products not on the RIDOT Approved Products List may be considered by the Department, but must be submitted a minimum of 45 days prior to start of any intended application for review and approval. M.19.02.01 Product Requirements. The system may be clear, showing the original color and texture of the substrate or pigmented opaque, as defined in the contract documents. There are two types of anti-graffiti coating systems, which are defined as follows:

applied as soon as practicable to restore protection.

needed to remove the graffiti. Either type of system may employ a cleaner prov ided by the manufacturer of the anti-graffiti system to facilitate removal of graffiti, but the system shall not require a cleaner for complete removal. A demonstration of the system’s ability to provide effective protection against graffiti shall be conducted by the manufacturer submitting the product. It shall consist of the complete removal of a range of tagging paints provided by the Engineer from the surface treated with the system. No approval for use on RIDOT projects will be granted unless this test is successfully completed to the

Μ−109satisfaction of the Engineer.

demonstrated by documentation of a minimum of five (5) applications in the last five (5) years.

of the concrete in an aggressive freeze/thaw environment.

specifications for project substrates.

equipment needed for the application, shall be defined, based on the manufacturer’s specifications.

unbroken. The containers shall be properly labeled including the batch number and the date of manufacture.

containers until the time of immediate use to prevent contamination by foreign materials.