6−34 MINERAL ADDITIVES FOR PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE 602.01 DESCRIPTION. This Specification covers the requirements for either partial replacement of Portland cement with a mineral additive or as an addition to the minimum specified cement factor. Concrete containing mineral additives shall conform to the applicable requirements of SECTION 601; PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE, of these Specifications together with the additional provisions set forth below. 602.02 MATERIALS. All material components shall conform to the applicable requirements of SECTION M.02 of these Specifications and shall also be included on the Department's Approved Materials List. 602.02.1 Mix Design and Approval Process. The mix design and approval process of the Portland cement concrete containing mineral additives shall conform to the provisions of Subsection 601.03.1 of these Specifications. Some adjustments in yield will have to be made in the mix design to compensate for the different specific gravity of the mineral additive. The water/cement ratio shall be based on a combined weight of Portland cement and the weight of the mineral additive. 602.03 CONSTRUCTION METHODS. Construction methods shall conform to Subsection 601.03 of these Specifications except as otherwise provided herein. The Contractor shall furnish a Certificate of Compliance from the manufacturer certifying that the mineral additive being supplied conforms to the chemical and physical requirements as specified by the Department. No mineral additives shall be added to the concrete at the construction site. Mineral additives replacement quantities or additi ons other than those herein specified, shall not be allowed unless specifically called for on the Contract Documents or as authorized by the Engineer. Separate storage silos will be made available for each mineral additive and they shall be protected from rain and moisture. Unless otherwise noted, mineral additives shall be handled in the same manner as Portland cement. All storage silos shall be completely empty and clean before any mineral additive is deposited therein unless the silo contains a mineral additive of the same type. Combinations of mineral admixtures will not be allowed unless called for in the Contract Documents or as approved by the Engineer. When allowed, combined mineral admixtures shall be compatible and approved by their respective manufacturers. 6−35602.03.1 Fly Ash. Fly ash shall be substituted or added to Portland cement in the amounts specified in the Contract Documents. If no quantity has been so-specified the Contractor has the option of substituting fly ash for Portland cement up to 15 percent by weight on a 1-to-1 ratio. The fly ash supplier shall maintain a quality control program open for inspection by the State as deemed by the Engineer. 602.03.2 Microsilica. Microsilica shall be substituted or added to Portl and cement in the amounts specified in the Contract Documents. If the use of microsilica is specified by the Engineer but no quantity has been listed in the Contract Documents the microsilica content shall be 7 percent by weight of Portland cement on a 1-to-1 ratio. Any Portland cement concrete mix containing microsilica shall not exceed a water/cement ratio of 0.40. Only one brand of microsilica shall be supplied for the life of the Contract. If the microsilica is supplied in slurry form it shall be agitated as necessary to prevent separation.
a.Sampling Microsilica Additive. A sample of microsilica additive shall be taken by the Engineer directly from the storage container at the bat ch plant. If the microsilica is supplied in slurry form, approximately 1 gallon shall be allowed to flow out before the actual sample is obtained. The initial gallon may be placed back into the storage container. The actual sample shall be placed directly into a clean and dry one quart plastic jar furn ished by the State. A sample of the microsilica admixture shall be obtained for each production day. The Contractor shall provide the Engineer with an inventory list from the manufacturer of the microsilica additive for all shipments received. 602.03.3 Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag. Ground granulated blast furnace slag shall be substituted or added to Portland cement in the amounts specified in the Contract Documents. The use of ground granulated blast furnace slag shall be in accordance with the requirements of Subsection M.02.06.3 of these Specifications. Prequalification of a source may be based upon te st results by the Department's laboratory or a certified report of test results by a Cem ent Concrete Reference Laboratory (CCRL) approved or nationally recognized independent laboratory attesting that the material is in full compliance with these Specifications. 602.04 METHOD OF MEASUREMENT. "Mineral Additives for Portland Cement Concrete" will not be measured for payment. 602.05 BASIS OF PAYMENT. No separate payment will be made for "Mineral Additives for Portland Cement Concrete.” Portland cement c oncrete with mineral additives will be paid for under the appropriate item or items as listed in the Proposal. 6−36 SECTION 603 CONTROLLED LOW STRENGTH MATERIAL (CLSM)
603.01 DESCRIPTION . This work consists of furnishing and placing Controlled Low Strength
Material (CLSM) as a self consolidating, self leveling, rigid setting, low density material to be substituted for compacted gravel, structural f ill, and any incidental construction directed by the Engineer, all in accordance with these Specifications. Any modifications of these general requirements will be provided in the specific requirements for each item unless otherwise indicated in the Contract Documents. CLSM consists of a homogenous mixture of Portland cement, fine aggregate, water, admixtures (when used) and pozzolanic material (when used), mixed in proportions to attain the properties herein specified. The Contractor must acquaint himself with the kind and type of CLSM required before submitting the mix design. 603.01.1 Classification. There are two main categories for CLSM, excavatable and non- excavatable. The consistency of these two main categories can be further subdivided as flowable and very flowable. Each classification required for the particular work, unless otherwise indicated or superseded by the Contract Documents, is shown in Table 1. Table I Description Flowable Very Flowable E x c a v a t a b l e I I I Non-excavatable III IV
a.Definitions.
1.Very Flowable . Exhibit characteristics needed for small or confined areas and required to flow over long distances.
2.Flowable . Where the above flowability characteristics are not required.
3.Class I and II . Excavatable, that may be removed in the future if required, may be used (but not limited to) in types of applications such as backfill; void filler; fill around manholes and catch basins; utility cut backfill.
4.Class III and IV . Non-excavatable, used in areas not expected to be removed in the future, such as (but not limited to) fill between median barriers; under approach slabs; mat foundations. 603.02 MATERIALS . Materials shall conform to the applicable requirements of SECTION 601; PORTLAND CEMENT CONCRETE , of these Specifications unless modified as indicated below. 6−37603.02.1 Chemical Admixtures. In addition to the requirements of SECTION 601 , the CLSM may contain air entrainment. The amount and type of air entraining admixture is dependent upon the design of the CLSM. The Contractor shall submit the type of air entrainment to be used and specify if an air entrainment admixture is used or if a high range air inducing or foaming type of admixture is used within the mix design. 603.02.2 Coloring Agents. If required by the Engineer, a coloring pigment shall be thoroughly mixed in the CLSM following the utility color code (available thorough Dig Safe). The coloring pigment shall meet the requirements of AST M C979 and be approved by the Engineer. Coloring pigments shall be used in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. 603.02.3 Pozzolans. In addition to the requirements of SECTION 602 , the pozzolan material, if used, shall consist of, but not be limited to, Fly Ash Type F meeting the requirements of ASTM C618 including the supplemental chemical and physi cal requirements. The use of high or low carbon content (i.e., loss of ignition) fly ash may be allowed if submitted for approval to the Engineer on a project specific basis by the Contractor. Lime (CaO) content shall be less than 10 percent by weight for Classes I and II. 603.03 CONSTRUCTION METHODS. 603.03.1 General . The CLSM shall be produced and deliv ered by a Department approved ready- mix concrete supplier familiar with the design, production, and transport of CLSM. The Contractor shall follow the guidelines set forth in ACI 229R-94 Report "Controlled Low Strength Materials (CLSM)" except that the Engineer will not allow the use of non-standard materials (Section 3.7 of ACI Report). The methods and tolerances shall conform to the applicable requirements of SECTION 601 of these Specifications unless modified herein.
603.03.2 Proportions.
a.General. The CLSM shall be designed to conform to the following end resultant properties (AASHTO test method referenced if applicable): Modified Slump; performed in Class I and III: 6" to 8" diameter; accordance with Para. b, below: Class II and IV: 9" to 14" diameter. Air Content (T 152): 0 percent to 35 percent * (see below) Unit weight (T 121): ±5.0 pcf from that stated on mix design. *The CLSM can contain a specific fly ash amount, a high range or foaming type air entraining admixture or other types of pozzolans . If a high range or foaming type air entrainment admixture is used, the air content shall be a minimum of 20 percent. The maximum air content could be adjusted if it is demonstrated to the Engineer by the Contractor that no deleterious effects would be incurred. The Contractor will be held to the air content stated on the mix design within the following tolerance range: 6−38 Air Content, Percent Tolerance, Percent 0 - 10 ± 1.5 10.1 - 20.0 ± 3.0 > 20 ± 5.0 The CLSM shall develop 28-day compressive strength (T22, T23, or T106) as indicated below: Mix Specification Range (Psi) Maximum Psi Class I and II 30 - 100 100 at 28 days; 200 at 6 months Class III and IV 100 - 1200 * 1200 at 28 days * * Specific compressive strength(s) for structural applications will be noted on the Contract Drawings.
b.Modified Slump Test. In lieu of the standard slump test, the following test will be performed: a 3-inch (76 mm) inside diameter by 6-inch (152 mm) long straight tube constructed of a non-porous, non-absorbent material shall be dampened and placed upon a smooth, level, non-porous, non-absorbent surface that is also dampened. The tube shall be held firmly in place; filled with CLSM level to the top of the cylinder (no rodding is required); and struck off until the surface is flush with the top of the cylinder. Carefully cl ean the bottom perimeter of the cylinder of excess CLSM. The cylinder is then raised in a uniform, vert ical, steady uplift manner without any lateral or torsional motions within 3 to 5 seconds. Do not knock material from the sides of the cylinder onto the resultant "pancake.” Complete an entire test within 1½ minutes from sample to measurement. The diameter of the "pancake" is measured to the nearest 1/4-inch (6 mm) and the average diameter reported (measure cohesive material only; do not include water caused by segregation).
c.Design and Approval of CLSM Mixtures. The Contractor shall design and obtain approval of CLSM Mixtures in accor dance with the applicable requirements of Subsection 601.03.1 of these Specifications. 603.03.3 Batching Plants and Equipment shall conform to the applicable requirements of Subsection 601.03.2 of these Specifications.
603.03.4 CLSM Mixing, Delivery, and Discharge . In addition to the requirements of Subsection
601.03.3 of these Specifications, process control testing shall be performed by the Contractor and
these results shall be submitted on a Certificate of Compliance (COC) that states that all applicable specifications have been met. Testing performed by the Engineer will not relieve the Contractor of this requirement. 603.03.5 Limitations of Mixing. Requirements for limitation of mixing shall conform to Subsection 601.03.4 of these Specifications.
603.03.6 Cold and Hot Weather CLSM. Requirements for cold and hot weather CLSM shall
conform to Subsections 601.03.5 and 601.03.6 , respectively, of these Specifications. 6−39603.03.7 Curing. The requirements of Subsection 601.03.8 of these Specifications will apply if there is a probability of the air temperature falling below 40OF and/or the temperature on the surface of the CLSM will fall below 50OF at any time during the first five days after placement. The CLSM shall be protected from freezing until it is hardened. The temperature of the CLSM shall be a minimum of 40 OF upon placement. Otherwise, no curing is required.
603.03.8 Testing of CLSM. In addition to the requirements of Subsection 601.03.7 of these
Specifications, for Para. b; Acceptance Sampling and Testing , cast six, 4" x 8" cylinders per each day's production and type of mix used (6" x 12" cyli nders also acceptable). Rodding of specimen is not required. Once the specimen is full, lightly strike the exterior of the mold 8 to 12 times to consolidate the CLSM. Specimens shall remain in the molds until time of testing. Extreme care shall be exercised in the handling and transportation of CLSM specimens. Age of compressive strengths will be tested at the discretion of the Engineer. Paras. c, d, e, f , and g of Subsection 601.03.7 do not apply to CLSM.
603.03.9 Plant Field Laboratory. The requirements for Plant Field Laboratory shall conform to
SECTION 930 of these Specifications except for the following which do not apply:
a.Subsection 930.03.1; Bituminous Concrete Mixing Plants .
b.Subsection 930.03.2; Cement Concrete Mixing Plants ; the following pieces of testing equipment will not be required:
1.The 45 Kg digital platform beam scale.
2.The gravity drying oven.
3.The Gilson TS-1 sieve shaker.
4.The sample splitter 2½-inch chute width.
c.Subsection 930.03.3; Computer Equipment .
603.03.10 Placing CLSM by Pumping. The requirements for pumping CLSM shall conform to
Subsection 601.03.9 of these Specifications with the following exception: The discharge height may exceed 5 feet and is limited only if the mixture becomes segregated. Pumping may be suspended if the Engineer observes any deleterious materials in the discharge. The Contractor shall demonstrate the ability to pump CLSM without appreciable loss or consistency of air content.
603.03.11 Traffic/Paving. Resumption of traffic onto CLSM or the asphalt paving over CLSM,
when required by the Engineer to expedite the over all operation, will require an initial set time and early strength development. The initial time for the CLSM to set will be a maximum of 3 hours, which time will support the weight of the traffi c and/or paving operation without rutting or damage to the CLSM. The Contractor will demonstrate during the mix design approval process that the above condition will be attained. The Engineer may require the area to be complete ly covered by steel plating in accordance with details on the Plans or protected in accordance with the latest edition of the MUTCD.
Source: Rhode Island Standard Specifications (Bluebook), 2024 Edition. Pages 286–291 of 826.