Division 700 — Division 700
Division 700 — Materials and Tests
700.01 General . Materials will be inspected and sampled in accordance with current
Department SOP pertaining to inspecting and sampling. Unless otherwise provided, all materials furnis hed that are to remain in place after final acceptance shall be new and unused before incorp oration into the work, except that crushed reclaimed concrete pavement meeting the requirements of Section 703, as amended, may be used to produce aggregate for all asphalt pavements. When allowed by the specifications, Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) may be used in the manufacture of asphalt pavements. Other recycled products approved for use by the Department may be incorporated in the work. The Contractor shall maintain sufficient approved materials on hand so that delays to the work will not result from the necessary samplin g, testing, and evaluation of test results. Domestic steel, iron and wire products includi ng prestressing cable and strand shall be furnished for incorporation in the work. All manufacturing processes, including application of a coating, for these materials must occur domestically. However, pig iron and processed, pelletized, and reduced iron or e manufactured outside of the United States may be used in the domestic manufacturing process for steel and/or iron products. For the purpose of this specification, the activity of co ating is considered a manufacturing process. The material being applied as a coating is not covered under Buy America. Coating includes all processes that protect or enhance the value of the material to which the coating is applied, such as epoxy coatings, galvanizing, painting, etc. Domestic shall be understood to mean all Stat es of the United States, District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Virgin Islands and any other place subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. In the case of coatings for the above referen ced domestic steel, iron and wire products, it shall be the Contractor's responsibility to forw ard to the State Materials Engineer a certified statement from those having applied a coating to these materials that the application of the coating occurred domestically. It shall be the Contractor's responsibility to forward to the State Materials Engineer, with copies to the Project Engineer, such certification from the manufacturer, or at the election of the State Materials Engineer, such cer tification may be accepted directly from a manufacturer annually, or as otherwise re quested by the State Materials Engineer.
700.02 Glossary of Terms and Definitions .
Aggregate - Inert material such as sand, gravel, lightweight aggregates, broken stone, slag, shell, or combinations thereof. Approved Products List (APL) – The Materials Division maintains a list of approved products that have completed the source appr oval process and in compliance with these standards. Argillaceous - Containing or consisting of clay.
Division 700 — Division 700
Asphaltic Cement - A product of the refining of crude oil to form a residue that is used usually without the addition of more than a small quantity of flux or any liquefying agent of a higher volatile material than the residue itself. Calcareous Material - A material containing more than 50 percent calcium type material. Cementitious Material - Portland cement, masonry cement, blended hydraulic cement, and/or pozzolan material used as the bonding agent in hydraulic cement concrete. Cementitious shall mean “as having cementing properties”. Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) also include Class C fly ash, Class F fly ash, silica fume, and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). Clay - The fraction part of a soil finer than 0.002 mm that is more or less plastic when wet. Compaction - The process of obtaining the density of a soil or material. Crusher Run - The product of a crushing plant that has not been rescreened or separated into various sizes. Cutback Asphalt - An asphaltic material obtained from the refining of petroleum by adding to or fluxing the residue from dis tillation with volatile petroleum fractions to produce a uniform mixture capable of becoming quite fluid at relatively low temperatures. Fineness Modulus - An empirical factor obtained by adding the total percentages of aggregate retained on the Nos. 100, 50, 30, 16, 8, 4, 3/8", 3/4", 1 1/2", and 3" sieves and dividing the sum by 100. Frame - The part of the work or materials for which the same quality characteristics are specified, such as a base course, an aggregat e stockpile, a hot bituminous pavement course, etc. Gravel - The granular, pebbly material, usually retained on a No. 8 sieve, resulting from the natural disintegration of rock. Hydraulic Cement Concrete - A concrete mixture composed of cementitious materials, water, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, air, and possibly admixture(s) and fibers. Increment - The smallest unit(s) set aside for the sampling and testing process. Loess - Wind-blown, yellowish-brown loam having little or no stratification. Lot - A subdivision of a frame, representing a designated quantity of work or materials, and is the unit of such wo rk or materials which will be accepted or rejected. Liquid Limit (LL) - The water content, expressed in percentage by weight of the oven- dried soil, at which the soil passes from a plastic to a liquid state when subjected to a standard method of determining liquid limit of soils. Mechanical Analysis - The determination of the size and grading of soil particles by standard tests.
Division 700 — Division 700
New Source Approval – The material is required to go through the product approval process and be tested and approved by the Department. Optimum Moisture - The moisture content necessary to obtain the standard density of a soil. Overburden - Refers to soil or similar material directly above a deposit of rock, sand, gravel, or select material. Pea Gravel - That portion of uncrushed gravel passing a 3/8 inch sieve and retained on a No. 8 sieve. Plastic Limit (PL) - The water content, expressed in percentage by weight of the oven- dried soil, at which a soil passes from a solid or semi-solid state to a plastic state when subjected to a standard method of determining plastic limit of soils. Plasticity Index (PI) - The range of water content through which the soil remains in a plastic condition. This term is the numerical difference between the liquid limit and plastic limit and is a measure of cohesion. Portland Cement Concrete - A concrete mixture composed of cementitious materials, portland cement, water, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, air, and possibly admixture(s). Sample - The portion taken from a lot and considered to represent the whole or a designated portion of the lot. It may consist of one or more increments or a fractional part of one or more combined increments. Sand - A fine granular material resulting from the natural or mechanical disintegration of rock. Depending on its use, material may be classed as sand if it passes the 3/8 inch, No. 4 or No. 10 sieve. Sand is synonymous with fine aggregate. Sand Clay - A mixture of sand and clay often found blended so that their opposite qualities tend to maintain a condition of stability under varying moisture contents. Screenings - Broken rock, limestone, slag, or other material, including the dust, of a size that will pass a 1/2 inch sieve. Selected Material - Material from State-furnished or optioned sources, for use in bases, or for other specified use. Shale - A fissile rock formed by the consolidation of clay, mud, or silt having a finely stratified or laminated structure. Shrinkage Limit (SL) - The maximum calculated water content of a soil at which a reduction in water content will not cause a decrease in the volume of the soil mass. Sieves - Sieves for testing purposes conforming to the requirements of the Standard Specifications for Sieves for Testing Purposes of the AASHTO M 92. Silt - The finer particles of organic or rock substance, ranging in size from 0.074 mm to 0.002 mm.
Division 700 — Division 700
Slag - The nonmetallic product thrown off from molten ore or metal or other processes and used as fine or coarse aggregate. Soil - A natural aggregate of mineral grains, with or without organic constituents, which can be separated by gentle mechanical means such as agitation in water. Spall - A relatively small piece or fragment broken from rock, concrete, or other material. Specific Gravity - The ratio of the weight of a volume of some substance to the weight of an equal volume of substance, usually water, taken as a standard or unit. Standard Density (Standard Compaction) - The maximum dry unit weight in pounds per cubic foot obtained by the compactive effort exerted under the applicable test designation as provided in Subsection 700.03. Sublot - The smallest unit(s) set aside from a lot for the sampling and testing process. Test Portion - The actual quantity of material tested that may be, in some instances, the whole of the sample or, in other instances, only a quartered or other portion of the sample. Test Result - The value of the specified characteris tic obtained from testing a single test portion. Test Value - The value determined as being the test result when only one test is required to satisfy a specified condition, or the average of the test results on two or more test portions of a lot, or a designated portion thereof. Volume Change (VC) - The decrease in volume of th e soil mass when the water content is reduced from a given percentage to the shrinkage limit. Water-Cement Ratio - The ratio of the weight of water used, including free moisture in the aggregate, to the weight of cementitious material. Other Definitions - Other applicable definitions as prepared by the Special Committee on Nomenclature and adopted by AASHTO.
700.03 Sampling and Testing . Sampling and testing for acceptance and control of
materials may be performed at any time prior to incorporation in the work. Sampling and testing for control and acceptance of a work item will be performed progressively as sections of the work item are being constructed or completed, as applicable. Unless otherwise designated, all tests will be made in accordance with applicable standard methods of AASHTO, ASTM, Federal Specifications, or approved Mississippi Test Methods (MT-______) in effect on the date of advertisement for bids. Note: It is contemplated that certain methods of testing will be developed by the Department. These will generally consist of minor revisions of AASHTO or ASTM Methods and will be designed to more nearly fit local conditions. Such methods are designated MT-______. As such methods are developed, approved, and issued, they will be used as standards in field testing or in the Central Laboratory, as designated in the method, on projects advertised subsequent to their approval and issuance.
Division 700 — Division 700
Material requiring specified tests used by a plant for producing composite material(s) or product(s) to be used in the work will be tested and approved by the Engineer. If such materials, composite materials, or products are stored separately for the exclusive use in the work, the cost of testing will be borne by the Department. If such materials, composite materials or products are not stored separately for the exclusive use in the work, the cost of testing shall be borne as set out in the Department's issued SOP in effect at the time bids are received.
700.04 Determination of Conformity . The determination of conformity with each
required measurable characteristic under the in tent of Subsection l05.03 will be made in accordance with the following: All test values or test results used to determine compliance will be rounded off to the nearest decimal point as expressed in the sp ecifications for the par ticular characteristic under consideration. Fractions beyond the point of rounding amoun ting to less than 0.50 will be dropped. Similar fractions amounting to more than 0.50 will be rounded off by increasing the last digit within the rounding. Similar fractions amounting to even 0.50 will be rounded toward the specifications by dropping or by increasing the last digit within the rounding, as applicable. The various frames of materials or work will be divided into lots as specified in the contract or conforming to the Department's SOP for frequency of sampling and testing. In the case of borderline quality products or a demonstrated trend toward borderline quality products, the Engineer will require the Contractor to improve the quality of the materials or work to more nearly conform to the specifications and may require a suspension of the operations that have resulted in the borderline product or the trend toward borderline quality until such corrective measures have been taken as deemed necessary to produce the contemplated quality products. All increments of test s for determination of acceptance w ill be taken by random sampling. However, during or as a result of visual insp ection, the Engineer will take increments for testing for progress checks or spot checks at any time and place th e Engineer may deem necessary to determine weak spots or other pr ogress information. The results of any such progress or spot checks may be used to determine whether or not additional work or corrective action is considered nece ssary prior to acceptance testing. Minimum and maximum requirements in these specifications are set out on the basis that the desirable average test value of the materi als or work is appreci ably above the minimum requirement or appreciably below the maximum requirement established.
700.05 Material Certifications and Certified Test Reports . All certifications and
certified test reports shall meet the requirements set forth herein; however, certification requirements for cement and asphalt are set out separately in the Department’s Materials
Division I — nspection, Testing, and Certification Manual and Department SOPs.
700.05.1 Certifications . All certifications shall:
a.Have letterhead of the manufacturer, producer, supplier, or fabricator. (b) Include the project number.
Division 700 — Division 700
c.Itemized list of materials covered by the certification.
d.Contain a material conformance statemen t that certifies that the materials conform to the specific specification. Example: I/We hereby certify the materials listed herein conform to the requirements of Subsection 714.11 of the Mississippi Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction.
e.Certification for all iron, steel and steel wi re products must also include a certified statement by the manufacturer that all of the manufacturing processes, excluding those for pig iron and processed, pelletized, and reduced iron ore used in the manufacture of said steel and/or iron products, have occurred domestically.
f.Signature of a responsible company official.
700.05.2 Certified Test Reports . All certified test reports shall:
a.Have letterhead of the manufacturer, producer, supplier, fabricator, or laboratory.
b.Include name and description of material, lot, batch or heat number, etc., as applicable.
c.Show results of each required test, and state that the test was run according to the test method specified.
d.Test reports for all iron, steel and steel wire products must also include a certified statement by the manufacturer that all of the manufacturing processes, excluding those for pig iron and processed, pelletized, and reduced iron ore used in the manufacture of said steel and/or iron products, have occurred domestically.
e.Signature of the responsible laboratory official. SECTION 701 - HYDRAULIC CEMENT
701.01 General . The following requirements shall be applicable to hydraulic cement:
Only hydraulic cements conforming to Section 701 shall be used. Hydraulic cements shall not be listed or designated as meeting more than one AASHTO or Department type. Different brands of hydraulic cement, or the same brand of hydraulic cement from different mills, shall not be mixed or used alternately in any one class of construction or structure, without written permission from the Engineer; except that this requirement will not be applicable to hydraulic cement treatment of design soils, or bases. The Contractor shall provide suitable means for storing and protecting the hydraulic cement against dampness. Hydraulic cement that has, for any reason, become partially set or that contains lumps of caked hydraulic cement will be rejected. Hydraulic cement salvaged from discarded or used bags shall not be used. The temperature of bulk hydraulic cement shall not be great er than 165°F at the time of incorporation in the mix. Acceptance of hydr aulic cement will be based on the certification program as described in the Department’s Materials Division Inspection, Testing, and Certification Manual and job control sampling and testing as established by Department SOP. Retests of hydraulic cement may be made for soundness and expansion within 28 days of test failure and, if the hydraulic cement passes, it may be accepted. Hydraulic cement shall
Source: Mississippi Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2017 Edition. Pages 728–732 of 1,113.