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Electrical (16000-16999)

619001 BRICK MASONRY SF

DE · 2025 Standard SpecificationsBook pages 324327View official source ↗

WOOD STRUCTURES SECTION 621 314 SECTION 621 — WOOD STRUCTURES

621.1Description.

This work consists of constructing wood structures and the wood portions of composite structures.

621.2Materials.

A.Wood Section 1041

621.3Construction.

A.Cure the wood before fabrication. Store wood after fabrication in a manner that prevents changes

in the dimensions of the members before assembly. Reject wood that shrinks during storage, causing predrilled grooves for split rings, plate size, or bolt h ole spacing to change.

B.Stack lumber and timber to prevent warping. Stack untreated material on supports at least 12 -

inches above the ground and open -stacked. Stack treated material on supports at least 12 -inches above the ground surface and close -stacked. Provide cover to protect materials from the weather.

C.Treated Wood.
1.To avoid damaging treated timber, handle with web slings. Provide corner protectors when

using metal bands to bundle members.

2.As much as is practical, cut, frame, and bore treated timbers before treatment.
3.Field -treat as necessary in accordance with Section 1041.4.E. After treatment, plug holes not

filled with bolts or other items, with preservative -treated plugs flush with the surface.

D.Connectors and fasteners.
1.When installing split rings and shear plates, use precut grooves of the specified dimensions, or

as recommended by the manufacturer. Force spike grids into the wood so that members are in firm contact. Use pressure equipment that does not damage the woo d surface. Replace temporary high -strength bolts with specified bolts for the final installation. Embed all connectors at the joint simultaneously and uniformly. Cut connector grooves in wood, concentric with the bolt hole. Make grooves conform to the cross-sectional shape of the rings and provide a snug fit. Make the inside groove diameter larger than the nominal ring diameter. Fabricate structural members using connectors before preservative treatment. Drill bolt holes perpendicular to the face of the mem ber.

2.For fastenings, drill holes for round drift bolts and dowels 1/16 -inch less in diameter than the

bolt or dowel. Drill holes for square drift bolts or dowels equal in diameter to the least dimension of the bolt or dowel. Drill the holes for machine bolts 1/16 -inch greater than the diameter of the bolt. Drill the holes for lag screws with a bit no larger than the body of the screw at the base of the threaded portion. Drill the hole for the shank 1/16 -inch greater than the diameter of the shank and to the s ame depth as the shank. Use a washer under bolt heads and nuts that would otherwise come in contact with wood, except for timber bolts with economy - type heads. Tighten all nuts to a snug fit condition. Retighten all nuts after full assembly. Lock the nuts of bolts after final tightening by burring or other approved method.

3.Countersink hardware when required to have smooth and flush surfaces. Treat all recesses

formed for countersinking in treated timber, in accordance with Section 1041.4.E. WOOD STRUCTURES SECTION 621 315 E. Cut and frame lumber and timber to a close fit with joints bearing evenly over the entire contact surfaces without requiring shims. The engineer will reject open joints. Ensure that all framing is true and exact. Set the nail heads flush with the surfac e of the wood. The engineer may consider hammer marks in wood surfaces as evidence of poor work quality and cause for removing the responsible crew member.

F.Place timber caps, with ends aligned, in a manner to secure an even and uniform bearing over the

tops of the supporting piles. Secure caps by drift bolts at least 3/4 -inch in diameter, extending at least 9 -inches into the piles. Place the drift bolts approximately 2 -inches off -center of the pile to avoid conflicts with other hardware.

G.For wood abutment and wingwall backing, place wood backing with horizontal members level and

secured directly to the pile or nailing block. Secure horizontal backing with a minimum of 2 lag screws with washers at least 3/8 -inch in diameter for each pile , extending at least 4 inches into the piles. Place the lag screws approximately in the center of the pile and recess the heads below the top of the sheeting. Use tongue -and-groove lumber for vertical members of wood backing. Place vertical members of wood backing plumb and secured directly to the horizontal backing. Secure vertical backing with a minimum of 2 lag screws with washers at least 3/8 -inch in diameter to each of the top 2 rows of horizontal backing. Place the lag screws a minimum of 2 -inches into the horizontal backing but do not extend through the horizontal backing.

H.Place bolt bracing through the pile or cap at the ends and at intermediate intersections using a

bolt of no less than 5/8 -inch in diameter. Use bracing long enough to provide a minimum distance of 8 inches between the outside bolt and the end of the brace.

I.Cut stringers at bearings to create full bearing of the stringer. Place in a position that keeps knots

near edges in the top portions of the stringers. Join outside stringers with lap joints or butt joints with the ends cut on a taper. Lap -join interior stringers to take bearing over the full width of the floor beam or cap at each end. Stagger the joints when stringers are 2 panels in length. Fasten all stringers by drift bolting. Place cross -bridging or blocking at the center of each span. Frame the cross-bridging between stringers and toenail with at least 2 nails in each end. Provide full bearing of cross -bridging members, at each end, against the sides of stringers. Cut blocking to a snug -fit condition and secure by nailing.

J.Use planks surfaced on 4 sides for decking. Provide single -plank decks, as required, consisting of a

single thickness of plank supported by stringers or joists. Lay the planks heart side down.

1.Lay planks with 1/8 -inch openings between the planks when using seasoned material, untreated

material, or material treated with oil -borne preservatives.

2.Lay planks with tight joints when using unseasoned material or material treated with water -

borne preservatives.

3.Firmly spike each plank to each joist. Lay planks ensuring that no 2 adjacent planks vary in

thickness by more than 1/8 -inch. Provide a finished surface free of defects.

K.Prepare glue -laminated deck panels in accordance with Section 1041.3 and apply pressure

preservative treatment in accordance with Section 1041.4.A. Apply a preservative treatment to untreated field -cut or drilled areas. Plane bottom of deck panels only. Leave the top of the deck rough to ensure proper bonding with bituminous material. Remove excess oil by absorption before paving. Avoid damaging panels when handling and transporting. Protect the edges from damage and provide proper dunnage for deck panels during storage. WOOD STRUCTURES SECTION 621 316 L. Frame and erect wheel guards true to line and grade. Use wheel guards, rails, and rail posts surfaced on 4 sides. Lay wheel guards in sections no less than 12 -feet long, except where necessary to match expansion joints or end joints.

M.Use horizontal railing members that are smooth and free of splinters in potential pedestrian areas.

621.4Method of Measurement.

A.The Department’s measurement of lumber and timber and of glue -laminated girders and beams

will only include material that is a part of the completed and accepted work. The Department will measure material used for temporary works in accordance with Section 604.

B.The Department will measure timber and lumber by the number of MFBM complete in place and

accepted, computed from the actual dimensions and actual lengths.

C.The Department will measure glue -laminated girders, beams, and deck panels using the finished

cross -sectional dimensions and actual lengths. The Department will measure quantities for glue - laminated girders, beams, and deck panels by the number of MFBM placed and accepted.

D.The Department will not measure timber piles, timber sheet pile, railing, or other items for which

the Department will provide separate payment.

621.5Basis of Payment.

A.Price and payment for wood structures constitute full compensation for providing all materials,

applying preservative treatment, and placing all material.

B.The Department will pay for:
1.Timber used in temporary works in accordance with Section 604;
2.Timber piles in accordance with Section 605;
3.Timber sheet piles in accordance with Section 608; and
4.Timber railing under Sections 720 and 721.

ITEM DESCRIPTION UNIT 621000 WOOD STRUCTURES, LUMBER MFBM 621001 WOOD STRUCTURES, TIMBER MFBM 621002 WOOD STRUCTURES, GLUE -LAMINATED GIRDERS AND BEAMS MFBM 621003 WOOD STRUCTURES, GLUE -LAMINATED DECK PANELS MFBM

BEARING DEVICES SECTION 623 317 SECTION 623 — BEARING DEVICES

623.1Description.

This work consists of fabricating, providing, and installing bearing devices.

623.2Materials.

A.Elastomeric bearings, pot bearings, and disc bearings in accordance with Chapter 18 of the

specified edition of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Construction Specifications, including materials, fabrication, and testing.

B.Dowels Section 1037
C.Anchor Bolts Section 1039
D.Non -Shrink Grout Section 1047 .2
E.Epoxy Grout Section 1047 .4
F.Bearing Grease Waterproof, NLGI 2

623.3Construction.

A.Manufacture and test bearings in accordance with the current edition of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge

Construction Specifications, Chapter 18.

B.Submittals.
1.Prepare and submit working drawings for the bearings. Show all details of the bearings and of

the materials proposed for use. Provide the seal of a professional Delaware engineer. Do not begin fabrication until receiving the engineer's approval of the d rawings. Include the following in the working drawings:

a.The manufacturer's name, location of the fabrication plant, and the name of the

representative responsible for coordinating production, inspection, sampling, and testing.

b.The total quantity of each kind of fixed, guided expansion, or non -guided expansion bearing

required grouped first according to load range type and then grouped by actual design capacity.

c.The type of materials used for all bearing elements.
d.A description and details for welding processes used in the bearing manufacture that do not

conform to the approved processes of the specified AASHTO/AWS D1.5 Bridge Welding Code.

e.The painting or coating requirements.
f.Plan, section, and elevation views showing all relative dimensions and alignment of each type

of bearing.

g.Complete design calculations verifying conformance with the contract including vertical and

horizontal load, rotation, and movement capacity; and maximum design coefficient of friction as noted in the contract.

h.The installation scheme showing bearing preset details and anchorage details.
Source: Delaware Standard Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction, 2025 Edition. Pages 324327 of 779.